r Flashcards

Question

Methods of researching the current system

Answer 1

Observing of the users Interviewing the manager Questionnaire given out to users Examination of existing documents

Answer 2

Data must be fairly and lawfully processed Data can be only processed for the stated purpose Data must be adequate, relevant and not excessive. Data must be accurate. Data must not be kept longer than necessary. Data must be processed in accordance with the data subject's rights. Data must be kept secure. Data must not be transferred to another country unless they also have adequate protection

Answer 3

Use a spam filter/anti-spam software Do not reply to spam/suspicious messages Do not click on any links/attachments in a spam/suspicious message Use a disposable email address Use a complex email user name Do not give out your email address online/do not register using email on untrusted websites/opt out of marketing Read messages as text Do not use your email address as an online username Changing to an email provider who filter spam

Answer 4

Don’t give out any personal information to people who are unknown to you. Don’t send people photos of yourself - either online or via a mobile phone unless the person known to you. Always maintain your privacy settings When accessing the internet make sure the websites being visited can be trusted Only use recommended websites by teachers Only open emails from known sources. Only send email people you know Using social networking sites, instant messaging or chat room

Answer 5

A small text file sent to a user’s web browser when they visit a web site. It is important to Store information about the visit and are used the next time the user visits the site Remember the user’s details Remember the user’s preferences Remember items a user bought Remember passwords Remember what they searched for Target products Offers a tailored experience for users

Answer 6

Software / Music CDs, videos and articles from magazines and books is protected by copyright laws

Answer 7

Make a software copy and then sell it Use software on a network or in multiple computers without a license Rent out a software package without permission use the name of copyrighted software without agreement

Answer 8

Before installation of software the user will be asked to enter Product key The user will be asked OK/I Agree to the license agreement before installation The original software always come with the sticker informing the purchaser it is illegal to make copy ( hologram form) Some software required to be original CD/DVD available in the drive Some software run only if dongle is plugged into USB port

Answer 9

Anyone can setup website, so information not necessarily reliable or accurate. Some commercial web site will be based to advertise their products, If the advertising only related to their own products It could be unreliable If the web site URL ending with .gov or .org … mostly is reliable If you compare the information on the web site with the information in the book, this will help to show if the information reliable or no . It is good idea to see if responsible bodies (endorsed support and permit ) the website Check if the website linked to reliable or unreliable web sites Check if the website have a testimonials recommendation this can indicate reliability If the last update was long time ago , this mean the information is not reliable If the author of the website is good credential, then the information is more likely reliable

Answer 10

Arguments in favor of some form of internet control: It would prevent illegal material being posted on websites People find it much easier to discover information (Ex. make a bomb) By some control would prevent children and other vulnerable groups from being subjected to undesirable websites. By some control would stop incorrect information being published on websites. Arguments against some form of internet control: Material published on websites is already available from other sources. It would be very expensive to police all websites It would be difficult to enforce rules and regulations on a global scale. It can be argued that policing would go against freedom of information Many topics and comments posted on websites are already illegal and laws already exist Who is to decide what is illegal or offensive, many things are only offensive to certain people but others NO

Answer 11

Advantages : Information on the internet is up-to-date The internet limitless of information Searching using a search engine is fast and easy. Information on the internet is usually free of charge. Pages on the internet can have multimedia elements , which can make learning is interesting Disadvantages : Anything can be posted on a web page and information may be incorrect. There is always the risk of accessing inappropriate websites It is too easy to be distracted when searching on the internet

Answer 12

devices provide permanence and are used to store data for later use and backup data

Answer 13

contactless transmission of info the sender and receiver to be closer together than in RFID which makes it more secure

Answer 14

is an extra copy of important files stored away from the original copy in case of damage or loss of original copy this may happen due; hacker deleting the data virus damaging data corruption of hard disk

Answer 15

-magnetic -optical -solid state -cloud storage

Answer 16

prop large storage capacity slow access speed high transfer speed drive not commonly available used to store: backup of file servers for computer networks

Answer 17

very fast access to data not portable high capacity used to store operating systems software working data

Answer 18

prop: large capacity portable more expensive then other forms of removable media used to store very large files which need transporting from one computer to another

Answer 19

prop: portable can be broken/scratched used to store data: CDs: large files DVDS very large files

Answer 20

uses by software companies for distributing software programs by music companies for distributing music albums by book publishers prop prevent deleting

Answer 21

uses film distributors prop prevent deleting

Answer 22

uses: recording of music downloads from internet prop single burning

Answer 23

uses: recording of films downloads from internet prop single burning

Answer 24

uses: very useful for keeping files that need to be edited

Answer 25

for storing HD/3D movies capacity 25GB,5BGB,1OOGB

Answer 26

prop smallest form of memory portable more robust than other forms of storage more expensive than other forms can be easily written

Answer 27

prop can store up to many Gb uses: to transport files and backup data from computer to computer

Answer 28

uses in digital camera, mobile phone types SD card xD card for cameras, limited capacity cast card

Answer 29

is the most important program that runs the device manage security, manage error messages, provides user interface

Answer 30

same as hard disk but portable

Answer 31

traslate a program written by a programmer into machine code

Answer 32

link more than one object file and combine them in one single program

Answer 33

placed inside the device to be enable to connect with network device contains MAC address

Answer 34

device with only two ports used to connect two networks together so they can function as a single network

Answer 35

device with multiple ports a hub is a "dumb" device when data is received at one port it sent to all computers

Answer 36

like hub but sends to it destination

Answer 37

wireless access point

Answer 38

is created using HTML, stored in a server

Answer 39

Hyper text markup language language used to create webpages

Answer 40

centralized storage accessed by multiple users

Answer 41

uniform resource locator a reference to access a resource on the internet

Answer 42

world wide massive collection of webpages created using HTML accessed using the internet is a service on the internet

Answer 43

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol ▪ set of rules for transferring the webpage from the webserver to the viewer’s browser

Answer 44

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure version ▪ same as HTTP, but where everything transferred between webserver and user’s computer is encrypted using the SSL (Secure Socket Layer) ▪ SSL is a security protocol (set of rules) developed for sending information securely over the Internet ▪ The webpage is secured by SSL when the URL starts with "https" and a padlock is displayed in the browser

Answer 45

editable multi-author website Users participate in the creation of the content by : posting information about many topics reviewing and editing each other’s posts posts not in chronological order

Answer 46

File Transfer Protocol ▪ set of rules for transferring files between a file server and a user’s computer (client)

Answer 47

an online diary or journal (ideas, opinions, information) single author others can comment on posts and on each other’s comments posts ordered from most recent to oldest (reverse chronological order) blog owner can set their blog for private or public access

Answer 48

participants online at the same time presenter controls what the participants can see/hear participants view the presentation and listen to the presenter presenter has a control panel to decide when participants can interact a chat box is provided for participants to type in their questions

Answer 49

participants can only hear each other as it uses mobile phones /telephone networks the organizer of the conference is given 2 PINs by the phone company (one for the organizer and one for the participants) at the time of the conference the organizer dials the conference phone number and enters his PIN to start the conference then the participants dial the same number and enter their PINs to join the

Answer 50

(Voice Over Internet Protocol) A service that enables people to use the Internet as the transmission medium for telephone calls by converting sound into digital packets

Answer 51

▪ A program that can replicate itself ▪ and attaches itself to other programs ▪ Can delete or corrupt data stored on the computer * Can slow down computer performance / fill up memory

Answer 52

1.Use anti-virus software (must be updated) * checks every file the user opens or downloads * scan any removable media before use * scan e-mail attachments * stores virus codes and downloads new, updated definition files for new viruses * when an antivirus program scans a file it compares the file with the list of known viruses, if it matches, the antivirus will try to clean the file if possible, if not the user is given choice to delete or quarantine the file 2.don’t download programs from untrusted sites 3.don’t open attachments from e-mails from unknown senders

Answer 53

Use anti-spyware (must be updated) *Use on-screen keyboard / dropdown when entering confidential information

Answer 54

program installed by hackers on user's computer * to record keystrokes typed on the keyboard * stores them in a file * transfers it back to the hacker without user’s knowledge

Answer 55

Firewall: Software to prevent unauthorized access through the network, prevent unwanted programs, block unwanted sites By controlling incoming and outgoing traffic ▪ Acts as a barrier between the computer and external network ▪ by keeping a list of allowed IPs and a list of blocked IPs ▪ in case of unknown access user is asked for permission firewall can affect the operation of the computer and stop some uploads / some legitimate software can be blocked by the firewall may need to be shut down at times to upload files therefore making computer unsafe if firewall installed on router it will not secure computer from other computers in the same network

Answer 56

Unauthorized access to a computer system ▪ to misuse data (steal, change, delete) ▪ for identity theft

Answer 57

Making sure that the person using the computer is who he claims to be (ensuring the identity of the person using the computer).

Answer 58

Systems recognize users based on biometrics & behavior patterns devices keep record when and where logins occur devices can detect changes in user behavior; login from new device / strange location and checks with the owner that he/she is attempting to access the account

Answer 59

E-mail contains spelling mistakes ➢ General not personal (the bank knows your name) ➢ No digital certificate attached to the e- mail ➢ E-mail claiming the user won a competition they didn’t enter ➢ Requesting personal confidential information ➢ Contains suspicious links or attachments ➢ Urging for quick action

Answer 60

*Electronic junk mail sent randomly, unwanted advertising, *fills up mail inbox preventing important messages from being received *may contain viruses, spyware or phishing attacks

Answer 61

*Anti-spam / spam filter *Don’t open any links in the e-mail *Block / report the sender e-mail address *Don’t use your e-mail to register on untrusted websites *Don’t subscribe in newsletters *Be cautious when clicking on links or downloading attachments within emails

Answer 62

▪Sending fake e-mails identical to the bank's e-mails (looks legal) ▪requesting personal confidential information in reply to the email ▪containing a link to direct the user to a fake website to enter personal confidential information

Answer 63

How to avoid phishing: 1.Don’t reply to any e-mail requesting personal information 2.Be cautious when clicking on links in an email or downloading attachments 3.Report the e-mail address that sent the e-mail 4.Be cautious of messages requesting urgent reply 5.Contact the bank to ensure the mail is fake

Answer 64

it contains a URL or a telephone number inside the text message The recipient will be asked to log on to the website or make a phone call, and asked to supply personal details such as card number / password The sender of the SMS might not be a phone number

Answer 65

receives reading from sensor, compares it with preset value and gives a signal to control device to switch on/off

Answer 66

phishing via voice message

Answer 67

(converts analog signals from sensor to digital signal for processor)

Answer 68

More accurate readings More frequent readings Can work 24 hours without breaks or shifts Faster response than humans Can work in conditions dangerous or unsuitable for humans Can take more than one reading at the same time Sensors will not forget to take readings

Answer 69

1. cheque is verified by making sure it is Not fake, Signed 2. collect printed info o Account number of payer o Bank & branch code of payer o Cheque serial number 3. collect hanwritten info o Amount and Due date o Name of recipient o Signature of payer 4. When due date of the cheque has arrived: o bank makes sure that the amount of money is available in the payer’s account o Decrease balance of payer’s account and Increase balance of recipient’s account o Send bank statements to both customers

Answer 70

Increase in production (robots don’t need breaks like humans) Consistency in production (exact same product every time) Monthly salaries for human workers are saved Dangerous tasks are carried out without the need of life insurance for humans Fewer mistakes / greater accuracy

Answer 71

High initial cost of robots Training workers who will be still present after robots are introduced High running cost of maintenance of robots Robots cannot react in unexpected situations

Answer 72

System used to detect the position of the user Signals (radio waves) sent from device to satellite Signals (radio waves) sent from satellite to device Device calculates the distance from satellite At least 3 satellites are used

Answer 73

Adds layers of data to maps Allows the user to analyze data according to location (in order to take decisions) Users can edit map data Works with GPS Uses: weather forecasting sales analysis crime patterns traffic information population forecasting

Answer 74

It is used to read the number plates on cars * A sensor detects a vehicle * It sends a signal to the processor to instruct the camera to capture an image for the car * A program is used to isolate the number plate from the image * The brightness and contrast is adjusted to separate each character in the plate * Each character is recognized using OCR then it is stored in the database * The car park barrier is raised and the driver receives a ticket showing the date and time

Answer 75

Advantages: Help the expert give more accurate results More consistent results; not affected by emotional reasoning Faster to produce results Uses data from many experts so contains more knowledge than single expert Cheaper than employing multiple experts Updating expert system is cheaper and more frequent than regularly training experts

Answer 76

Disadvantages: Lack common sense in the decision making process Initial cost of creating the system If the knowledge base or rules base contain errors it will mislead the expert to an incorrect result Must be regularly updated Experts must be trained to use it

Answer 77

Can control devices remotely Switch on/off devices before getting home or after leaving Smart fridge can send reminders to buy products when running out Security systems connected to the internet enable monitoring the home while outside Smart television enables streaming of content to watch at any time & playing online games Needs stable internet connection High initial cost & maintenance of devices Must have a smart phone with internet connection Risk of viruses installed on devices may cause malfunction Risk of hacking devices like burglar alarms/security cameras

Answer 78

Staring at computer screens for a long time * Use anti-glare screen * Use flat screens * Improve surrounding lighting * Reduce screen brightness * Maintain appropriate distance between screen and eyes * Take regular breaks

Answer 79

Looking up or down at the screen * Sitting on an adjustable chair so screen is at eye level * Take regular breaks

Answer 80

Long use of mouse (pain in wrist) * Use wrist rest * Use ergonomic mouse * Take regular breaks Long use of keyboard (pain in wrist) * Use ergonomic keyboard * Use hand exercises * Use voice commands * Take regular breaks Repetitive clicking on mouse (pain in fingers) * Use hand exercises * Use voice commands * Take regular breaks Long typing on mobile phone or PDA or use of joystick (pain in thumb) * Use hand exercises * Use voice commands * Take regular breaks

Answer 81

Sitting in a wrong position in front of the computer for a long time * Sit in an upright position * Use ergonomic chair * Take regular breaks

Answer 82

Sitting too close to a laser printer for a long time * Proper room ventilation * Laser printer placed in printer room * Change type of printer

Answer 83

Data protection Act is a law to protect personal data handled by organizations (example: school, hospital, club) from misuse: Do not keep data longer than required Do not collect data that is not required Do not pass on the data to anyone without the owner’s permission Only certain employees can view the data and handle it Keep the data safe and secure (encryption, firewall, password) Only use the data for the reasons given to the owner Keep the data up to date

Answer 84

Don’t be abusive Don’t send spam or repeatedly send the same information to the same person Respect peoples’ privacy, don’t share personal information about anyone without permission Don’t use capital letters; it’s considered shouting Don’t plagiarize, always acknowledge source of any information used Check spelling and grammar, gives a good impression Don’t send inappropriate content, disturbing for others and not respectful When sending emails confirm the recipient to make sure the email is not delivered to someone else

Answer 85

Collecting detailed information Questions can be changed based on responses Can see body language; less risk of misunderstanding Time consuming Not anonymous (unreliable responses) Expensive due to analyst time Analyst & employee must be available at same time

Answer 86

Collecting wide variety of responses Responses can be anonymous (reliable responses) Cheaper than interviews Not time consuming; can be filled any time Careless / vague answers Misunderstanding of questions Questions not flexible

Answer 87

No waste of employee time Reliable information; the analyst will observe the system in person instead of taking opinions Most people are distracted or uncomfortable or don't work as usual while being watched Not all problems may appear during the observation

Answer 88

1 table All records are stored in one table. Easier to understand/use Easier to sort and filter data Easier to setup (less ICT experience needed)

Answer 89

2 or more tables with relations between them; created by taking the primary key from one table & adding it to another table as a foreign key Data is only stored once so: Less storage space Easier to edit/add/delete records Complex queries can be carried out using several tables Separate passwords can be assigned for separate tables (better security) Easier to expand

Answer 90

Formula: Can be simple calculations/mathematical operations Can be easily typed by user Can contain a function Function: Built into the software Have a pre-defined name

Answer 91

replicated the cell reference will not

Answer 92

when replicated the cell reference will change

Answer 93

(htm) images, tables, text, hyperlinks

Answer 94

(css) colours, fonts, borders

Answer 95

A position on the webpage that a hyperlink will point to

Answer 96

(created using coding / scripting language) interaction of website

Answer 97

saved shortcut to direct the user to a certain website (favorites)

Answer 98

defined in a stylesheet using a dot (e.g. .right) used in adding or changing properties without having to create new style

Answer 99

within each web page edited by changing each web page can be anywhere in the web page Higher priority

Answer 100

When the last line of a paragraph is separated on the next page

Answer 101

When the first line of paragraph is separated on the previous page

Answer 102

Benefits: Consistency Brand recognition Reduces time spent in formatting documents Reduce errors of typing/forgotten elements

r Flashcards

(126 cards)