Ch. 3

Question 0

All molecules of life are made of _____ atoms

Answer 0

Carbon

Question 1

Only living things make the four molecules of life:

Answer 1

1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic acids

Question 2

The four types of molecules living things make are ______, which means they consist primarily of carbon and hydrogen atoms

Answer 2

Organic

Question 3

An organic molecule that consists only of hydrogen and carbon atoms

Answer 3

Hydrocarbon

Question 4

Most molecules of life have at least one ______ that imparts a specific chemical property such as polarity or acidity

Answer 4

Functional group

Question 5

All enzyme-mediated chemical reactions by which cells acquire and use energy as they build and break down organic molecules

Answer 5

Metbolism

Question 6

Compound that speeds a reaction without being changed by the reaction

Answer 6

Enzyme

Question 7

Molecules that are subunits of polymers. Ex: and individual brick In a brick wall

Answer 7

Monomers

Question 8

Molecule that consists of multiple monomers ex: the brick wall

Answer 8

Polymer

Question 9

______ reactions build polymers from monomers of simple sugars, fatty acids, amino acids, and nucleotides

Answer 9

Condensation

Question 10

Reaction that releases monomers by breaking apart polymers

Answer 10

Hydrolysis

Question 11

Molecule that consists primarily of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Answer 11

Carbohydrate

Question 12

Three main types of carbohydrates in living systems:

Answer 12

1. Monosaccharides
2. Oligosaccharides
3. Polysaccharides

Question 13

(One sugar unit) are the simplest type of carbohydrate and are the monomers of carbohydrate polymers

Answer 13

Monosaccharides

Question 14

An ______ is a short chain of covalently bonded monosaccharides

Answer 14

Oligosaccharide

Question 15

Consist of two sugar monomers

Answer 15

Disaccharides

Question 16

Complex carbohydrates, that are straight or branched chains of many sugar monomers. Often hundreds or thousands

Answer 16

Polysaccharides

Question 17

Tough structural components of plants

Answer 17

Cellulose

Question 18

Main energy reserve in plants, which store it in roots, stems, leaves, fruits, and seeds

Answer 18

Starch

Question 19

The covalent bonding pattern forms highly branched chains of glucose monomers

Answer 19

Glycogen

Question 20

Monomers are glucose with nitrogen-containing carbonyl group

Answer 20

Chitin

Question 21

Hydrophobic (non-polar) and do not dissolve in water

Answer 21

Lipids

Question 22

Types of lipids

Answer 22

Fats, phospholipids, waxes, steroids

Question 23

Lipids with a highly polar phosphate group in its hydrophilic head, and two non polar hydrophobic fatty-acid tails

Answer 23

Phospholipids

Question 24

The structural foundation of all cell membranes

Answer 24

Lipid bilayer

Question 25

Water-repellent mixture with long fatty-acid tails bonded to long-chain alcohols or carbon rings

Answer 25

Wax

Question 26

Lipid with four carbon rings and no fatty acid tails. Found in all eukaryotic cell membranes

Answer 26

Steroid

Question 27

Organic compound that consists of one or more chains of amino acids

Answer 27

Proteins

Question 28

Small organic compounds that are the subunits of proteins

Answer 28

Amino acids

Question 29

A group of atoms bonded to a carbon of an organic compound and imparts a specific chemical property to the molecule

Answer 29

Functional group

Question 30

Protein synthesis involve a covalently bonding amino acids into a chain _____ linked by _______

Answer 30

Polypeptide, peptide bonds

Question 31

Chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. Primary structure of a protein

Answer 31

Polypeptide

Question 32

Bond that joins the amine group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another in a protein

Answer 32

Peptide bond

Question 33

Protein structure/organization

Answer 33

Primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure, quaternary structure

Question 34

Primary structure is a linear sequence of amino acids joined by _____ bonds forming a polypeptide

Answer 34

Peptide

Question 35

Secondary structure is, helix or pleated sheet due to _____ bonding

Answer 35

Hydrogen

Question 36

Tertiary structure is due to _____, _____, or _____ bonding among R groups makes a protein a working molecule

Answer 36

Covalent, ionic, or hydrogen

Question 37

Quarternary structure is a combination of _______, most enzymes have quarternary structure

Answer 37

More than one peptide

Question 38

A proteins structure dictates its function, so if a protein ______, it loses it's function and can not do its job

Answer 38

Denatures

Question 39

A protein means to unravel the shape of a protein or other large biologic molecule

Answer 39

Denature

Question 40

Diseases that are the result of misfiled proteins

Answer 40

Prion

Question 41

Are an infectious protein or misfolded protein

Answer 41

Prions

Question 42

Are single or double stranded chain of nucleotides joined by sugar-phosphate bonds such as DNA

Answer 42

Nucleic acids

Question 43

The monomers of nucleic acids and have a five-carbon sugar, nitrogen-containing base, and a phosphate group

Answer 43

Nucleotides