Ch. 3

Question 1

Organic molecules/compounds

Answer 1

carbon-based

molecules

Question 2

Hydrocarbons

Answer 2

molecules with only Hydrogen (H) and Carbon (C)

Question 3

Carbon skeleton

Answer 3

the chain of carbon atoms in an organic molecule

Question 4

Isomers

Answer 4

compounds that differ in arrangement

Question 5

Hydroxyl group

Answer 5

polar,-OH, called alcohols

Question 6

Carbonyl group

Answer 6

polar, C=O, aldehydes vs. ketones

Question 7

Carboxyl group

Answer 7

polar, COOH (includes a double bond), contributes H+(acts like an acid), carboxylic acids

Question 8

Amino group

Answer 8

polar, NH2, acts like a base (picks up H+), amines

Question 9

Phosphate group

Answer 9

polar, OPO32-, organic phosphate

Question 10

Methyl group

Answer 10

non-polar, -CH3, methylated compounds

Question 11

Carbon has how many electrons/bonds

Answer 11

4 e- = 4 bonds (single double triple)

Question 12

Nitrogen has how man electrons/bonds

Answer 12

5 e- = 3 bonds

Question 13

4 main classed of molecules

Answer 13

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 14

Enzymes

Answer 14

specialized macromolecules (speed up reaction)

Question 15

Monosaccharides

Answer 15

made up of one subunit, main fuel for cells

Question 16

Disaccharides

Answer 16

two sugars

Question 17

polysaccharides

Answer 17

long chain of sugar units

Question 18

Lipids

Answer 18

hydrophobic, large verity of compounds

Question 19

fat

Answer 19

lipids with glycerol + fatty acid

Question 20

unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 20

have one fewer H on each C of a double bond

Question 21

saturated (FA)

Answer 21

have no double bonds and have a maximum number of H

Question 22

phospholipids

Answer 22

major components of plasma membranes

Question 23

steroids

Answer 23

lipids with 4 fused rings in the carbon skeleton

Question 24

anabolic steroids

Answer 24

synthetic variations of testosterone

Question 25

Proteins

Answer 25

made from amino acids linked by peptide bonds (polymer)

Question 26

amino acid

Answer 26

amino acid (aa) linked by carboxyl group (dehydration)

Question 27

peptide bonds

Answer 27

amino acid (aa) linked by carboxyl group (dehydration)

Question 28

function of proteins depends on _________

Answer 28

shape

Question 29

roles of proteins

Answer 29

enzymes, structural, contractile, defense signal, receptor, storage

Question 30

denaturation

Answer 30

polypeptide chains unravel, lose their shape and there for loose their function

Question 31

primary level

Answer 31

linking amino acids together, arranged in a precise order

Question 32

secondary level

Answer 32

how the amino acids relate to each other ex. Helix, pleated sheets, close association

Question 33

tertiary level

Answer 33

ccurs when certain attractions are present between alpha helix and pleated sheets 3D shape

Question 34

quaternary level

Answer 34

protein consisting of more than 2 amino acid chain

Question 35

nucleotides

Answer 35

monomers that make up nucleic acids = 5C sugar + phosphate group + nitrogen base

Question 36

DNA

Answer 36

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 37

RNA

Answer 37

ribonucleic acid

Question 38

DNA molecules have 4 different nitrogenous base

Answer 38

* (A) adenine * (T) thymine * (C) cytosine * (G) guanine

Question 39

RNA molecules

Answer 39

A, T, G plus (U) uracil

Question 40

dehydration reaction

Answer 40

removes a molecule of water

Question 41

hydrolysis

Answer 41

digest polymers to make their monomers available cells.

Question 42

double helix

Answer 42

two polynucleotides wrap around each other