Ch. 37

Question 1

interspecific interactions

Answer 1

relationships with individuals of other species in the community

Question 2

Interspecific competition

Answer 2

(- / -) occurs when populations of two different species compete for the same limited resource

Question 3

mutualism

Answer 3

( + +). Populations of two different species interact and assist each other to gain recourses

Question 4

predation

Answer 4

,(+ / -) one species (the predator) kills and eats another species (the prey)

Question 5

Herbivory

Answer 5

consumption of plant parts or algae by an animal

Question 6

Parasites

Answer 6

lives on or in the host species

Question 7

pathogens

Answer 7

disease carrying microscopic parasite, potentially devastating effects

Question 8

community

Answer 8

includes all of the organisms inhibiting a particular area

all the populations that are living close enough for potential interaction

Question 9

population

Answer 9

same species hat live in the same area/community at the same time period

Question 10

Primary producer

Answer 10

autotrophs

Question 11

Primary consumers

Answer 11

Herbivores, directly or indirectly dependent on the output of producers

Question 12

Secondary consumers

Answer 12

carnivores insectivores that eat primary consumers

Question 13

Tertiary and quaternary

Answer 13

predators that eat secondary/tertiary consumers, carnivores that eat carnivores/insectivores, further up the food chain, genially larger

Question 14

Scavengers

Answer 14

larger animals that feed on carcasses of dead animals that are left behind by other predators

Question 15

Decomposers

Answer 15

prokaryotes and fungi that secret enzymes to digest food, converting organic material into inorganic material

Question 16

species richness

Answer 16

the number of different species in a community

Question 17

relative abundance

Answer 17

the proportional representation of each species in the community

Question 18

ecological succession

Answer 18

the gradual colonization of species in an area that has a large disturbances

Question 19

primary succession

Answer 19

when a biological community arises and takes hold in area without soil

Question 20

secondary succession

Answer 20

when a biological community arises and takes hold in an area after a disturbance that left the soil intact

Question 21

non-native species

Answer 21

non native to the area; they have been introduced from another area

Question 22

invasive species

Answer 22

non native species that cause ecological and/or economic harm

Question 23

Biological controls

Answer 23

intentional release of a predator into a new community in order to control the pest population

Question 24

Ecosystem

Answer 24

All organisms in a community plus the abiotic environment

Question 25

Energy flow

Answer 25

passage of energy through the various components of the ecosystem

Question 26

Biomass

Answer 26

the amount of living organic material in the ecosystem

Question 27

Net primary production "NPT"

Answer 27

the amount biomass produced minus the amount used by consumers for cellular respiration

Question 28

Chemical cycling

Answer 28

the transfer of material within the ecosystem

Question 29

Carbon

Answer 29

the major ingredient of all organic molecules

Question 30

Phosphorus cycle

Answer 30

required for nucleic acids (DNA) phospholipids (fats) and ATP

Question 31

Nitrogen fixation

Answer 31

converts N2 (g) to compounds of N that can be used plants “preformed by bacteria”

Question 32

hydrologic cycle

Answer 32

low levels of nutrients are beneficial for organisms in the community

Question 33

eutrophication

Answer 33

increase in nutrients