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anatomy > Ch 3 > Flashcards

Ch 3 Flashcards

1
Q

All cells are primarily made of 4 elements:

A

Nitrogen
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Carbon

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2
Q

3 things that every cell has in common

A

Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Genetic material

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3
Q

Parts of the fluid mosaic model

A 
Phosphorus-hydrophilic 
Lipids-hydrophobic
Channel protein
Integral protein
Peripheral protein
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4
Q

Protein functions

A 
Let stuff in and out
Act as enzyme
Recognition and communication
Receptor for hormones
Support membrane
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5
Q

Factors affecting permeability

A

Size of molecule
Solubility in lipids
Charge of ions
Presence of carrier protein

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6
Q

Fluid components of the body

A

Plasma: cell membrane;semi permeable; has cholesterol

Intercellular: fluid between cells

Intracellular: fluid inside cells

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7
Q

Passive

A

Doesn’t need ATP

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8
Q

Filtration

A

Forced out bc of high pressure

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9
Q

Diffusion

A

Passive: High to low

Osmosis=water

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10
Q

Active transport

A

Needs ATP

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11
Q

Solute pumping

A

Sodium potassium pump

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12
Q

Bulk transport

A

Active
Mass movements
Endocytosis/exocytosis

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13
Q

Solute

A

Dissolves

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14
Q

Solvent

A

Does the dissolving

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15
Q

Hypertonic

A

Extra solute

Shrink

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16
Q

Hypotonic

A

Less solute
Grow
-explodes-lysis

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17
Q

Isotonic

A

Equal solvent and solute

Stays the same size

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18
Q

Epithelial tissue

A
  • Lining, covering, & glandular tissue
  • cells attach to each other & form continuos sheets
  • always have one free surface
  • lower surface rests on basement membrane
  • has no blood supply
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19
Q

Epithelial tissue functions

A
  • Protection: against bacterial, chemical, and UV damage
  • Absorption: food&oxygen
  • filtration: occurs in blood capillaries
  • secretion: glandular products/ sweat, oil, enzymes, mucus, hormones
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20
Q

Simple squamous epithelium

A
  • Forms membrane where filtration takes place

* location: air sacs of lungs; capillaries

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21
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Nucleus in center
Located: glands and kidneys
Function: secrete

22
Q

Simple columnar epithelium

A

Tall cells with microvilli
Lines the digestive tract
Function: absorption

23
Q

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A
  • appears to be in layers but isn’t
  • located: trachea and lower air passages
  • function: produce mucus
24
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium

A

Protects against abrasion

Location: outer layer of skin, lining of esophagus

25
Q

Transitional epithelium

A
  • Free layer; dome layer allows for stretching
  • many layers thick
  • location: lining if urinary bladder, uterus, stomach
26
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Secrete hormones into the blood

Ex. Thyroid and ovary

27
Q

Exocrine gland (glandular epithelium)

A

Secrete substance in the epithelial surface

Ex. Sweat&oil glands, salivary gland

28
Q

Connective tissue

A 
•most widespread tissue in the body
•suspended in matrix
   -liquid matrix (blood plasma)
   -gel like matrix (between fat cells)
   -solid matrix (cartilage or bone)
29
Q

Connective tissue fibers

A

Collagen: thick, adds strength
Elastic: stretches and springs back
Reticular: forms a network/holds cells in place

30
Q

Bone

A

Cells are called osteocytes
Matrix made of calcium
Function: protects and supports other body organs

31
Q

Haversian canal

A

Central tunnel for blood vessels and nerves

32
Q

Lamella

A

Rings around Haversian canal

33
Q

Lacunae

A

Small holes between rings that contain osteocytes

34
Q

Canaliculi

A

Tiny holes that run across the Lamella and supply nourishment for the osteocytes

35
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A 
Most abundant cartilage
Forms smooth end of bones&larynx
Fetus skeleton
Cell: chondrocyte
Function: reduce friction
36
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

Yellow tent
Flexibility for repeated bending
Location: outer ear, epiglottis

37
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Mix of white fibrous tissue & cartilage fibers
Provides strength and flexibility
Location: pubis symphysis, intervertebral discs

38
Q

Dense fibrous tissue

A

Cell: fibroblast

Forms tendons, ligaments and dermis of skin

39
Q

Areolar tissue

A

Most abundant connective tissue
Cushions and protects organs
Soaks up excess tissue fluid

40
Q

Fibroelastic

A

Encases organs

41
Q

Reticular

A

Fills tissue interspace

42
Q

Adipose

A

Fat fill cell interior

Function: energy storage, insulator, protects some organs such as kidneys and eyes

43
Q

Blood

A 
Matrix is called plasma
Cells:
-RBC (no nucleus) carries oxygen
-WBC (nucleus) fights infections
-platelets (cell fragments) clot blood
Function: transport
44
Q

Lymph

A

Fluid in tissue spaces between cells

Bathes cells

45
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Cells are long and thin fibers

Contractile proteins in cells

46
Q

Skeletal muscle

A 
Attach to bones by tendons 
Multinucleated
Longest&Largest muscle fibers
Striated
Voluntary
Function: body movement
47
Q

Smooth muscle

A

No striations
Involuntary
Surround hollow organs (arteries/veins, digestive tract)
Peristaic waves: contractions that push food down the digestive tract

48
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Heart
Striated
Involuntary
•Uninicleate, branchy cells that fit tightly together at junctions(intercalated disks)
•Allows the impulse to pass through the muscle quickly

49
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Cells: neurons
Receive and conduct electrochemical impulses
Functional characteristics: irritability&conductivity
Location: brain, spinal cord, & nerves

50
Q

Cell theory

A

All living things are made of cells
Cells are the basic unit of life
Cells arise from other cells

anatomy (25 decks)

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