Ch. 3 Biological Bases of Behavior

Question 0

Individual nerve cells; makes up our entire nervous system.

Answer 0

Neurons

Question 1

The study of the parts and function of neurons.

Answer 1

Neuroanatomy

Question 2

Rootlike parts of the cell that stretch out from the cell body; grow to make synaptic connections with other neurons.

Answer 2

Dendrites

Question 3

Contains the nucleus and other parts of the cell needed to sustain its life.

Answer 3

Cell Body (Soma)

Question 4

Wirelike structure ending in the terminal buttons that extends from the cell body.

Answer 4

Axon

Question 5

Fatty covering the axon of some neurons that speeds neural impulses.

Answer 5

Myelin Sheath

Question 6

The branched end of the axon that contains neurotransmitters.

Answer 6

Terminal Buttons (synaptic knobs)

Question 7

Chemicals contained in terminal buttons that enable neurons to communicate; fit into receptor sites on the dendrites of neurons.

Answer 7

Neurotransmitters

Question 8

The space between the terminal buttons of one neuron and the dendrites of the next neuron.

Answer 8

Synapse

Question 9

The three major sections of the brain.

Answer 9

Hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain

Question 10

Consists of structures in the top part of the spinal cord; life support system; controls the basic biological functions that keep us alive; contains the medulla, pons, and cerebellum

Answer 10

Hindbrain

Question 11

Controls our blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing; located above the spinal chord.

Answer 11

Medulla Oblongata

Question 12

Located above the medulla and toward the front; connects the hindbrain with the midbrain and forebrain; involved in the control of facial expressions.

Answer 12

Pons

Question 13

Located on the bottom rear of the brain; means little brain; coordinates some habitual muscle movements,

Answer 13

Cerebellum

Question 14

Area between the hindbrain and the forebrain and integrates some types of sensory information and muscle movements.

Answer 14

Midbrain

Question 15

A netlike collection of cells throughout the midbrain that controls general body arousal and the ability to focus our attention; if it does not function, we fall into a deep coma.

Answer 15

Reticular Formation

Question 16

These areas of the brain control what we think of as thought and reason; largest section of the brain; contains the thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus.

Answer 16

Forebrain

Question 17

Located on top of the brain stem; responsible for receiving the sensory signals coming up the spinal cord and sending them to the appropriate areas in the rest of the forebrain.

Answer 17

Thalamus

Question 18

small structure right next to the thalamus; controls several metabolic functions, including body temperature, sexual arousal (libido), hunger, thirst, and the endocrine system.

Answer 18

Hypothalamus

Question 19

Two arms surrounding the thalamus; Memories are processed through this area and then sent to other locations in the cerebral cortex for permanent storage; memories must pass through this area first in order to be encoded.

Answer 19

Hippocampus

Question 20

Structures near the end of each hippocampal arm; vital to our experiences of emotion.

Answer 20

Amygdala

Question 21

The group of the brain that contains the thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus and deals with aspects of emotion and memory.

Answer 21

Limbic System

Question 22

The gray wrinkled surface of the brain that is a thin layer of densely packed neurons; As we develop and learn, the dendrites of the neurons grow and connect with other neurons.

Answer 22

Cerebral Cortex

Question 23

The wrinkles in the cerebral cortex; increases the available surface area of the brain.

Answer 23

Fissures

Question 24

Hemisphere of the cerebral cortex that gets sensory messages and controls the motor function of the right half of the body.

Answer 24

Left Hemisphere

Question 25

Hemisphere of the cerebral cortex that gets sensory messages and controls the motor function of the left half of the body (this concept is called contralateral control).

Answer 25

Right Hemisphere

Question 26

Specialization of function in each cerebral cortex hemisphere.

Answer 26

Brain lateralization or hemispheric specialization

Question 27

Patients whose corpus callosum (the nerve bundle that connects the two hemispheres) has been cut to treat severe epilepsy; cannot orally report information only presented to the right hemisphere.

Answer 27

Split-brain patients

Question 28

Pioneered the study of split-brain patients.

Answer 28

Roger Sperry (1913–1994) and Michael Gazzinga (1939–present).

Question 29

Any area of the cerebral cortex that it is not associated with receiving sensory information or controlling muscle movements.

Answer 29

Association area

Question 30

The three major sections of the brain.

Answer 30

Hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain

Question 31

Consists of structures in the top part of the spinal cord; life support system; controls the basic biological functions that keep us alive; contains the medulla, pons, and cerebellum

Answer 31

Hindbrain

Question 32

Controls our blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing; located above the spinal chord.

Answer 32

Medulla Oblongata

Question 33

Located above the medulla and toward the front; connects the hindbrain with the midbrain and forebrain; involved in the control of facial expressions.

Answer 33

Pons

Question 34

Located on the bottom rear of the brain; means little brain; coordinates some habitual muscle movements,

Answer 34

Cerebellum

Question 35

Area between the hindbrain and the forebrain and integrates some types of sensory information and muscle movements.

Answer 35

Midbrain

Question 36

A netlike collection of cells throughout the midbrain that controls general body arousal and the ability to focus our attention; if it does not function, we fall into a deep coma.

Answer 36

Reticular Formation

Question 37

These areas of the brain control what we think of as thought and reason; largest section of the brain; contains the thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus.

Answer 37

Forebrain

Question 38

Located on top of the brain stem; responsible for receiving the sensory signals coming up the spinal cord and sending them to the appropriate areas in the rest of the forebrain.

Answer 38

Thalamus

Question 39

small structure right next to the thalamus; controls several metabolic functions, including body temperature, sexual arousal (libido), hunger, thirst, and the endocrine system.

Answer 39

Hypothalamus

Question 40

Two arms surrounding the thalamus; Memories are processed through this area and then sent to other locations in the cerebral cortex for permanent storage; memories must pass through this area first in order to be encoded.

Answer 40

Hippocampus

Question 41

Structures near the end of each hippocampal arm; vital to our experiences of emotion.

Answer 41

Amygdala

Question 42

The group of the brain that contains the thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus and deals with aspects of emotion and memory.

Answer 42

Limbic System

Question 43

The gray wrinkled surface of the brain that is a thin layer of densely packed neurons; As we develop and learn, the dendrites of the neurons grow and connect with other neurons.

Answer 43

Cerebral Cortex

Question 44

The wrinkles in the cerebral cortex; increases the available surface area of the brain.

Answer 44

Fissures

Question 45

Hemisphere of the cerebral cortex that gets sensory messages and controls the motor function of the right half of the body.

Answer 45

Left Hemisphere

Question 46

Hemisphere of the cerebral cortex that gets sensory messages and controls the motor function of the left half of the body (this concept is called contralateral control).

Answer 46

Right Hemisphere

Question 47

Specialization of function in each cerebral cortex hemisphere.

Answer 47

Brain lateralization or hemispheric specialization

Question 48

Patients whose corpus callosum (the nerve bundle that connects the two hemispheres) has been cut to treat severe epilepsy; cannot orally report information only presented to the right hemisphere.

Answer 48

Split-brain patients

Question 49

Pioneered the study of split-brain patients.

Answer 49

Roger Sperry (1913–1994) and Michael Gazzinga (1939–present).

Question 50

Any area of the cerebral cortex that is not associated with receiving sensory information or controlling muscle movements; areas are very active in various human thoughts and behaviors; i.e judgment and humor.

Answer 50

Association area

Question 51

Front of the frontal lobe thought to play a critical role in directing thought processes; acts as the brain’s central executive and is believed to be important in foreseeing consequences, pursuing goals, and maintaining emotional control; Phineas Gage.

Answer 51

Prefrontal Cortex

Question 52

In the frontal lobe (usually left hemisphere) and is responsible for controlling the muscles involved in producing speech.

Answer 52

Broca’s area

Question 53

Thin vertical strip at the back of the frontal lobe; this part of the cerebral cortex sends signals to our muscles, controlling our voluntary movements.

Answer 53

Motor Cortex