Ch. 3 Biological Foundations of Behavior

Question 1

The nervous system

Question 2

Central Nervous System

Answer 2

Brain and spinal chord

Question 3

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 3

Somatic nervous system and it deals with sensory and motor skills

Question 4

Atonomic nervous system

Answer 4

Creates the communication with internal organs

Question 5

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 5

Sensory and motor nerves

Question 6

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 6

Fight or flight

Question 7

Parasympathetic NS

Answer 7

Calms after stressor
rest and digest

Question 8

Afferent (sensory) nerves

Answer 8

nerve fibers responsible for bringing sensory information from the outside world into the brain.

Question 9

Efferent (motor) nerves

Answer 9

they are the neurons that tell your body to perform an action, such as removing your hand from a hot pan.

Question 10

Glial cells

Answer 10

Provide support and nutrition

Question 11

Mirror neurons

Answer 11

Imitation/ social perception
(primates)

Question 12

Neurons

Answer 12

information processing
(computing and communicating)

Question 13

Dendrites

Answer 13

Receive and process signals from axons of other neurons

Question 14

Cell body (soma)

Answer 14

Stores genetic information, maintains the structure of neurons and provides energy

Question 15

Axon

Answer 15

Carries electrical impulses

Question 16

Myelin Sheath

Answer 16

Protects the axon

Question 17

Tail

Answer 17

the axon

Question 18

Terminal buttons

Answer 18

The small knobs at the end of an axon that release chemicals to the neurotransmitters

Question 19

Neuron Communication

Answer 19

electrical and chemical signals

Question 20

Electrochemical

Answer 20

Neuronal communication

Question 21

Neuron at rest: polarized

Answer 21

imbalance in charges

Question 22

Ion channels closed

Answer 22

the interior of the cell is more negative than the exterior of the cell.

Question 23

Semipermeable membrane

Answer 23

allows specific molecules/ions to pass through diffusion

Question 24

Ion channels

Answer 24

allows passage of ions across a cell membrane

Question 25

Gated membrane

Answer 25

allows the regulated flow of selected ions across the plasma membrane

Question 26

Action potential

Answer 26

ion exchange along length of axon

Question 27

all-or-nothing potential

Answer 27

neurons either transmit an impulse completely or not at all

Question 28

Neurotransmitters (understand the key function of each)

Answer 28

chemical messengers that your body can't function without.

Question 29

Acetylcholine

Answer 29

muscle actions, learning, memory Ex. black window venom (go up) the ach levels go down Botox (go up) the ach levels go down Alzheirmer's go up the ach levels go down

Question 30

GABA

Answer 30

the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in your central nervous system. anxiety goes up the GABA levels go down (calming)

Question 31

Glutamate

Answer 31

excitatory learning and memory

Question 32

Norepinephrine

Answer 32

regulates sleep

Question 33

Dopamine

Answer 33

a chemical released in the brain that makes you feel good

Question 34

Serotonin

Answer 34

-Regulation of sleep, mood, attention, learning -Depression goes up the serotonin levels go down -Prozac goes up the serotonin levels go down

Question 35

Endorphins

Answer 35

-Natural opiates -mediate feelings of pleasure and pain

Question 36

Oxytocin

Answer 36

-Hormone and neurotransmitter -Relates to onset of lactation in new mothers -Attachment/ emotional bonds

Question 37

Synapse

Answer 37

a small gap at the end of a neuron that allows a signal to pass from one neuron to the next

Question 38

Reuptake

Answer 38

the process in the brain of neurons to retrieve chemicals that were not received by the next neuron.

Question 39

The Brain (understand the functions of the brain)

Question 40

The hindbrain

Answer 40

brainstem -medulla- control breathing, regulate reflexes -pons- sleep and arousal

Question 41

Cerebellum

Answer 41

Motor coordination

Question 42

The midbrain

Answer 42

vision, hearing, motor control, sleep/awake, arousal, temperature regulation.

Question 43

The forebrain

Answer 43

deals with body movements, sensory processing, and responses to stress and fear

Question 44

Hyppocampus

Answer 44

formation of recall of memories

Question 45

Thalamus

Answer 45

relay station for sensory information

Question 46

Basal Ganglia

Answer 46

coordination of voluntary movements

Question 47

Hypothalamus

Answer 47

eating, drinking, sexual behaviors -regulates body's internal state -emotion, stress, reward (4 F's fleeing, fighting, feeding, and fucking)

Question 48

The cerebral cortex

Answer 48

neocortex= outermost layer

Question 49

Occipital lobe

Answer 49

vision

Question 50

temporal lobe

Answer 50

hearing, language processing, and memory

Question 51

frontal lobe

Answer 51

intelligence, personality, and voluntary muscles

Question 52

parietal lobe

Answer 52

spatial location, attention, motor control

Question 53

Prefrontal cortex

Answer 53

frontal lobe that regulates complex cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functioning.

Question 54

Wernicke's area

Answer 54

region of the brain that contains motor neurons involved in the comprehension of speech

Question 55

Broca's area

Answer 55

plans the process of speech by interacting with the temporal cortex

Question 56

Somatosensory cortex (parietal lobe)

Answer 56

body sensations/touch

Question 57

Motor cortex (frontal lobe)

Answer 57

voluntary movements -point to point mapping

Question 58

Association cortex (75% of cortex)

Answer 58

not sensory or motor, but the association between them

Question 59

Corpsus Callosum

Answer 59

tracts that connect the left and right cerebral hemispheres.