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A and P > Ch. 3 Cell Anatomy > Flashcards

Ch. 3 Cell Anatomy Flashcards

(43 cards)

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1
Q

The membrane structure is composed of two layers of what?

Hint Phospholipid bilayer

A

Phospholipid molecules that have a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails

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2
Q

What type of soluble materials can pass through with ease in cellular membranes?

A

Lipid Soluble

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3
Q

What types of soluble materials need channels to pass through cellular membranes?

A

Water-Soluble

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4
Q

What are Globular Proteins responsible for?

A

Membrane special functions

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5
Q

What protein occurs inside the bilayer and creates channels for other molecules to pass through with no resistance?

Hint: they also act as binding sites for ligands so they can change cell activity

A

Integral Proteins

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6
Q

What lipid molecule wedges themselves between the bilayer to stabilize the membrane?

A

Cholesterol

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7
Q

What proteins bind to the cell surface to act as enzymes/catalysts for specific chemical reactions?

A

Peripheral Proteins

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8
Q

What do internal peripheral proteins attach themselves to inside the cell?

A

The internal cytoskeleton

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9
Q

What is the “sugar coating” of the cell surface?

A

Glycocalyx
( pronounced gly-co-k-lyx)

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10
Q

What is Glycocalyx made up of?

A
  1. Glycolipids (sugar and phospholipids)
  2. Glycoproteins (sugar and proteins)
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11
Q

What is the purpose of glycolipids and glycoproteins?

A

To be biological markers for internal recognition and improve cell-to-cell adhesion

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12
Q

What are CAM (cell adhesion molecules)?

hint: just the definition, not what they do

A

Sticky Glycoproteins that cover almost all animal cell surfaces

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13
Q

What does CAM do?

hint there are 4 answers

A
  1. Allows cells to bond to external molecules and themselves
  2. Help move cells pass each other
  3. Mediates WBC cell response to infectious/inflamed areas (immune response)
  4. Allow egg and sperm to combine for fertilization
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14
Q

What is Zone pellucid?

A

Surface adhesion site on the egg for sperm

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15
Q

What are endothelial (blood vessel) CAM’s called?

A

WBC (leukocytes)

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16
Q

What are immunoglobulins?

A

Anti-bodies

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17
Q

What do membrane receptors do?

hint 3 answers

A
  1. Binding sites on the cell surface
  2. play roles in cell-to-cell adhesion
  3. assist bacteria and viruses in locating target cells
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18
Q

What are ligands?

Study These Flashcards
A

Neurotransmitters

19
Q

Define Cell Membrane and it’s 2 functions

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A

boundary between internal and external compartments

  1. controls passage of substances in/out of cell
  2. maintains membrane receptors for attachment of ligands
20
Q

What are Cilia? What do they do?

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A

microscopic, hair-like organelles that extend from the surface of cells in many parts of the body

  1. create wave motions to propel fluid and mucus and debris across cellular surface
21
Q

What are flagella?

Hint: sperm

Study These Flashcards
A

Tail-like structures attached to individual cells
1. move cells forward via undulating
2. move cells through fluid

22
Q

Define nucleus and its function

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. site of transcription (transfer of genetic DNA to mRNA)
  2. production of ribosomal subunits
23
Q

Define Nuclear Envelope and its function

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A
  1. separates nucleus from surrounding cytosol
  2. restricts movement of molecules in/out of nucleus
24
Q

What is the term for the following definition?

DNA portion that has the sequence code for making enzymes/proteins; supercoils to form X-shaped chromosomes during cell division

25
Where is the location of ribosomal unit synthesis?
Nucleolus
26
What is Cytosol? What are the 2 things it does?
fluid of the cell 1. medium for transport of internal molecules and organelles 2. supports cell membrane
27
What is the term for the following definition? storage and transportation vesicles of internal substances
Inclusions
28
What is the term for the following: provides strength, structure, and support; maintains cell shape and impacts cell division and movement of organelles and the cell membrane
Cytoskeleton
29
What are the 3 fibers that make up the cytoskeleton?
1. Microtubules (organelle railroad tract) 2. Intermediate filaments (tough and most permanent; resist shape change) 3. Microfilaments (contractile proteins that are prominent on muscles (actin and myosin); make outpouchings and involutions)
30
What are Centrioles and its function?
duplicate before cell division into mother and daughter centrioles. 1. Anchor spindle fibers and move apart as the spindle fibers lengthen
31
What is the function of RER?
produces, modifies, and packages secretory proteins; has ribosomes on surface and helps assemble proteins
32
What is the function of SER?
produces, modifies, and packages lipids and carbs; synthesizes and stores phospholipids and steroids
33
Where is protein synthesis located?
Ribosomes
34
Proteins manufactured on free ribosomes are used where?
internally
35
Where do proteins fixed on RER surfaces get sent?
Externally
36
What is a proteasome job?
break down misfolded/abnormal proteins one at a time
37
What is the term for this: Refines and alters molecules used for secretion and internal use. Produces lysosomes
Golgi apparatus
38
What is the term for this: digests absorbed material and produces internal waste; if ruptured it can cause cell autolysis **Hint: produced by the Golgi apparatus**
lysosomes
39
Peroxisomes contain peroxides and catalases. What are the 4 functions it does?
1. detox via oxygen 2. remove free radicals 3. breakdown long, fatty acid chains 4. import phospholipids and proteins to allow growth and division
40
What is the term for this: fit into nuclear pore complexes where on one end opens to pickup/drop off large molecules or ribosomal subunits going in/out of nucleus
Vault
41
What is the site for cellular respiration that produces ATP (makes up 95% of cell energy)? **Hint: powerhouse of the cell**
Mitochondria
42
If cellular energy requirements demand increase, what occurs to the mitochondria? **Hint Fission**
The mitochondria will spilt itself to produce two new mitochondria to produce more energy. Will eventually grow back into full sized individual organisms
43
Which organism was not originally apart of our unicellular species and eventually created a symbiotic relationship with them?
Mitochondria

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