Ch 3: Climbing and Descending

Question 1

Ch 2 Rev: The ___ force acts parallel to prop shaft and balances ___ force in S + L Flight (Pg 35)

Answer 1

Thrust, Drag

Question 2

Ch 2 Rev: The engine produces ___ and prop generates ___ (Pg 35)

Answer 2

Power, Thrust

Question 3

Ch 2 Rev: In S + L Flight, all 4 force must be in a state of ___ (Pg 35)

Answer 3

Equilibrium

Question 4

Ch 2 Rev: Pilot’s lift form. is the relationship between ___ and ___

Answer 4

AoA, IAS

Question 5

Rate of Climb (RoC), + Rate of Descent (RoD) (Pg 35)

Answer 5

Rate in feet/min (fpm), at which the aeroplane climbs or descends, measure of vertical speed over time

Question 6

Angle of Climb (AoC), + Angle or Descent (AoD) (Pg 35)

Answer 6

Angle or gradient of the flight path to the horiz, the distance the aeroplane travels vertically compared to distance it travels across ground

Question 7

Ground Speed (Pg 35)

Answer 7

Speed of aeroplane over the ground, Airspeed +/- any wind component

Question 8

To maintain steady climb w/ constant airspeed, _______ (Pg 36)

Answer 8

Thrust must exceed drag or the aeroplane will decelerate

Question 9

Excess Thrust: (Pg 36)

Answer 9

Thrust in excess needed to balance drag

Question 10

More excess thrust available = (Pg 36)

Answer 10

The steeper the aeroplane can climb

Question 11

In a climb ____ (Pg 36)

Answer 11

Lift no longer acts equal and opposite to weight, now tiled rearwards, excess thrust needed to balance drag = need for increased lift

Question 12

Additional toward-acting force: (Pg 36)

Answer 12

Rearward Component of Weight (RCW)

Question 13

In steady climb at constant airspeed and direction, thrust = (Pg 36)

Answer 13

Thrust = to total drag + RCW

Question 14

Factors affecting climb: (Pg 36)

Answer 14

Airspeed, Wind, Weight, Altitude and Temp, Flaps

Question 15

Best Rate of Climb, Vy: (Pg 36)

Answer 15

Speed at which excess power is max.

Question 16

Best Angle of Climb, Vx: (Pg 36)

Answer 16

Point at which excess thrust is at its max.

Question 17

Wind affects climb… (Pg 36)

Answer 17

Angle of Climb (Vx), not Rate of Climb (Vy)

Question 18

Weight affects climb… (Pg 36)

Answer 18

Greater the weight = greater resisting force
Both Angle (Vx) and Rate of Climb (Vy) reduce

Question 19

Altitude and Temps affect climb… (Pg 36)

Answer 19

Thinner air at higher altitudes, and hotter temps, the engine will produce less power –> prop = less thrust
Both Angle (Vx) and Rate of Climb (Vy) reduce

Question 20

Flaps affect climb… (Pg 36)

Answer 20

Flaps increase drag + lift, reduces amount of excess power available
Rate of Climb (Vy) is reduced

Question 21

PA28-161 Warrior PAST Best Angle of Climb, (Vx) (Pg 37)

Answer 21

P - Full Power, A - All Sky, S - 63 kts, Trim and Balance

Question 22

PA28-161 Warrior PAST Best Rate of Climb, (Vy) (Pg 37)

Answer 22

P - Full Power, A - Nose on Horizon, S - 79 kts, Trim and Balance

Question 23

PA28-161 Warrior PAST Cruise Climb, (Pg 37)

Answer 23

P - Full Power, A - Slightly lower than Vy, S - 87 kts (500 fpm), Trim and Balance

Question 24

PA 28-181 Archer PAST Best Angle of Climb, (Vx) (Pg 37)

Answer 24

P - Full Power, A - All Sky, S - 64 kts, Trim and Balance

Question 25

PA 28-181 Archer PAST Best Rate of Climb, (Vy) (Pg 37)

Answer 25

P - Full Power, A - Nose on horizon, S - 76 kts, Trim and Balance

Question 26

PA 28-181 Archer PAST Cruise Climb (Pg 37)

Answer 26

P - Full Power, A - Slightly lower than Vy, S - 87 kts (500 fpm), Trim and Balance

Question 27

If IAS is greater than req. ____ (Pg 37)

Answer 27

Nose attitude = too low

Question 28

If IAS is too low, ___ (Pg 37)

Answer 28

Nose attitude = too high

Question 29

To ensure effective lookout, (Pg 37)

Answer 29

Nose must be lowered to NC attitude every 500ft

Question 30

Exit = AASPT

Answer 30

A - by 10% of RoC on VSI ~ 50ft, A - Back to S + L ~ NC, S - allow to decelerate to cruise speed, P - Once speed passes 90 kts, can be reduced to cruise setting, Trim as req.

Question 31

If power reduced to idle, drag force = unbalanced, if S + L maintained, will decelerate = only 3 forces acting (Pg 38) (GLIDE DESCENT)

Answer 31

Lift (tilted forward), weight and drag (no longer balanced w/ thrust)

Question 32

As AC tilts forward, weight now acts.... (Pg 38) (GLIDE DESCENT)

Answer 32

In direction of Flightpath = Forward Component of Weight (FCW) balances drag

Question 33

For glide descent to commence... (Pg 38)

Answer 33

Nose attitude must be adjusted to adopt glide speed that provides best L/D ratio ~ 1/3 grnd

Question 34

Attitude controls airspeed in... (Pg 38)

Answer 34

Glide Descent

Question 35

While FCW still acting in Powered descent... (Pg 38)

Answer 35

Once power is increased, the increase in thrust = increase in total drag

Question 36

Factors affecting descent: (Pg 39)

Answer 36

Airspeed, Power, Wind, Weight, Flaps

Question 37

Airspeed affects descent (GLIDE).. (Pg 39)

Answer 37

Steady glide descent = maintained at AoA that = best L/D Ratio Best Glide range in nil wind Anything other than optimal = -ve affect

Question 38

Airspeed affects descent (POWERED) (Pg 39)

Answer 38

Any adjustment = alter relationship of power + attitude Increased Airspeed = increased lift = tendency to pitch-up

Question 39

Power affects descent... (Pg 39)

Answer 39

Addition of power req. reduction in nose-down pitch attitude = decreasing RoD + AoD

Question 40

Wind affects descent... (Pg 39)

Answer 40

AoD, but not RoD

Question 41

Weight affects descent ... (Pg 39)

Answer 41

FCW = pulling into path quicker To maintain steady powered descent, less power = req.

Question 42

Weight affects GLIDE descent ... (Pg 39)

Answer 42

Must maintain nominated airspeed = best L/D AoA (remains same for all weight) Decrease in weight = reduce amount acting along flightpath, will travel at slower airspeed along AoD

Question 43

Flaps affect descent... (Pg 39)

Answer 43

Use of flaps, can maintain slower approach speed Pitch needs to be lowered to allow greater amount of weight to overcome increased drag At constant Airspeed, will increase AoD + RoD

Question 44

PA 28-161 Warrior PAST Glide Descent (Pg 40)

Answer 44

P - Idle, A - 1/3 grnd, S - 73 kts, Trim and Balance

Question 45

PA 28-161 Warrior PAST Cruise Descent (Pg 40)

Answer 45

P - 2100 RPM, A - 1/3 grnd, S - 95 kts (500fpm), Trim and Balance

Question 46

PA 28-161 Warrior PAST Approach Descent (Pg 40)

Answer 46

P - 1500 RPM (2 stg Flaps), A - 1/3 grnd, S - 75 kts, Trim and Balance

Question 47

PA28-181 Archer PAST Glide Descent (Pg 40)

Answer 47

P - Idle, A - 1/3 grnd, S - 76 kts, Trim and Balance

Question 48

PA28-181 Archer PAST Cruise Descent (Pg 40)

Answer 48

P - 2100 RPM, A - 1/3 grnd, S - 105kts (500fpm), Trim and Balance

Question 49

PA28-181 Archer PAST Approach Descent (Pg 40)

Answer 49

P - 1500RPM, A - 1/3 grnd, S - 75 kts, Trim and Balance

Question 50

Changes in power and attitude = (Pg 40)

Answer 50

Change speed and descent path

Question 51

In glide descent, power at idle ____ controls airspeed (Pg 40)

Answer 51

Stabliator

Question 52

Engine must be warmed every.... (Pg 40)

Answer 52

1000ft, by increasing power to 2000RPM for ~ 4secs

Question 53

Engine warming prevents... (Pg 40)

Answer 53

Potential fouling of spark plugs + excessive engine temp fluctuations

Question 54

Situational Awareness - Descent (Pg 41)

Answer 54

Min height AGL legally allowed to descend; - 500ft above non-pop. areas, 300m horizontal separation from highest obstacle - 1000ft above pop. areas, 600m horizontal separation from highest obstacle