Ch 4: Turning

Question 1

Ch 3 Rev: RoC is measure of aeroplane’s vertical ___ over ___ (Pg 45)

Answer 1

Speed, time

Question 2

Ch 3 Rev: Headwind will cause AoC to ___ (Pg 45)

Answer 2

Increase

Question 3

Ch 3 Rev: In steady glide descent drag is balanced by ___ (Pg 45)

Answer 3

Forward Component of Weight (FCW)

Question 4

Angle of Bank (AoB): (Pg 45)

Answer 4

Angle between aeroplane’s lateral axis and horizon

Question 5

Heading (Pg 45):

Answer 5

Direction of aeroplane’s nose in relation to North in Clockwise direction, as indicated on compass

Question 6

Rate of Turn (Pg 45):

Answer 6

No. of degrees of change in heading per sec

Question 7

Radius of Turn (Pg 45):

Answer 7

Distance between the aeroplane and centre of turn

Question 8

Load Factor (Pg 45):

Answer 8

Ratio of lift to weight of an aeroplane, units = G’s (G-Force)

Question 9

Centrifugal Force (Pg 45):

Answer 9

Force arising from an objects inertia as it prescribes a circ. path - acting OUTWARDS

Question 10

Centripetal Force (Pg 45):

Answer 10

Force arising from objects inerti as it prescribes a circ. path - acting INWARDS

Question 11

3 types of turns categorised by radius: (Pg 45)

Answer 11

Shallow Turns - ~15°, Medium Turns - 30°, Steep Turns - >30°

Question 12

Performance req. for different turns: (Pg 45)

Answer 12

Climbing Turns - 15°, Descending Turns - 20°-30°, Medium Level Turns - 30°

Question 13

Total lift made of… (Pg 46)

Answer 13

Vertical Component of Lift (Lv), + Horizontal Component of Lift (LH)

Question 14

Lv cannot balance weight alone causing descent … (Pg 46)

Answer 14

Unless AoA is increased, provides necessary increase in LH aka Centripetal Force (helps maintain level flight)

Question 15

Increase in AoA = increase in drag –> (Pg 46)

Answer 15

Result in decrease in performance = show as decrease in IAS

Question 16

AoB > 30° = (Pg 46)

Answer 16

Large increases in AoA req. to produce necessary lift to maintain altitude

Question 17

60° AoB in level turn… (Pg 46)

Answer 17

Lift needed to balance drag = 2x for S + L Flight, = additional power to prevent large reduction in IAS

Question 18

Balancing force of total lift = (Pg 46)

Answer 18

Load Factor

Question 19

Vert. component of LF = (Pg 46)

Answer 19

Weight force, acting vertically down to centre of Earth

Question 20

Horiz. component … (Pg 46)

Answer 20

Acts opposite to centripetal force, directed out of turn –> centrifugal force

Question 21

Whilst in level turn, forces are balanced but… (Pg 46)

Answer 21

As direction changes, aeroplane is no longer in equilibrium

Question 22

Outer wing travelling at higher speeds than inner wing = (Pg 46)

Answer 22

Creating more lift on outer wing, resulting in aeroplane wanting to keep rolling into turn (OVERBANK)

Question 23

Overbanking most noticeable in climbing turns because.. (Pg 46)

Answer 23

Outer wing has higher speed and AoA

Question 24

AoA of outer wing is lower than inner wing = causes imbalance of lift… (Pg 46)

Answer 24

Causes aeroplane to try to keep rolling out of the turn

Question 25

Underbanking sometimes evident in ... (Pg 46)

Answer 25

Descending turns

Question 26

Frise Ailerons designed to... (Pg 47)

Answer 26

Down-going aileron will protrude into airflow below wing = increase in parasite drag on lower wing

Question 27

Differential Ailerons designed to.. (Pg 47)

Answer 27

Down-going aileron will have greater deflection into airflow above wing surface, increasing parasite drag to combat induced drag

Question 28

Rolling right = ___ rudder, Rolling left = ___ rudder (Pg 47)

Answer 28

Right, Left

Question 29

Skidding turn = (Pg 47)

Answer 29

Ball sits towards higher wing, = not enough aileron or too much rudder

Question 30

Slipping turn = (Pg 47)

Answer 30

Ball sits on same side as turn, = too much aileron or not enough rudder

Question 31

Load Factor = (Pg 47)

Answer 31

Ratio of aerodynamic force on aeroplane to gross weight of aeroplane or, Lift/Weight

Question 32

Wing stalls if... (Pg 47)

Answer 32

LF becomes so great that increase in AoA cannot provide enough lift

Question 33

Stalling speed increases w/... (Pg 47)

Answer 33

Sqaure root of LF

Question 34

To maintain same Radius of turns, (Pg 47)

Answer 34

Greaters airspeeds require greater AoB

Question 35

Constant IAS, increased AoB will improve turn performance ... (Pg 47)

Answer 35

Radius of Turn will decrease, Rate of turn will increase

Question 36

Constant AoB, increased IAs will reduce turn performance... (Pg 47)

Answer 36

Radius of turn will increase, Rate of turn will decrease

Question 37

Entry = BBB (Pg 48)

Answer 37

Bank (smooth aileron), Balance (small amount of rudder in direction of turn), Back-Pressure (gently apply to increase AoA)

Question 38

Level turns, up to 30° power = ... (Pg 48)

Answer 38

Kept at desired cruise setting, = small reduction in IAS

Question 39

Climbing turns drag will increase as ... (Pg 48)

Answer 39

AoB increases, full power remains set

Question 40

Any increase in drag, from decrease in IAS can only be compensated by.. (Pg 49)

Answer 40

Lowering nose attitude, if AoB no > than 30°, increase in drag and RoD will also be small