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NASM Free ch. 3, 4 CONDENSED > Ch 3 CONDENSED NASM > Flashcards

Ch 3 CONDENSED NASM Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 things do both cardiac and skeletal muscle contain?

Which of those two are longer?

Which has irregularly spaced dark bands between cells called intercalated discs, built-in conduction system that sends electrical

A

Both contain myofibrils and sarcomeres aligned side by side (gives striated appearance)

  • Cardiac Muscle: Involuntary, muscle fibers are shorter than Skeletal Muscles,
  • Skeletal Muscle: Voluntary, muscle fibers are longer than Cardiac
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2
Q

What are Intercalated Discs? Where are they located? What is their function?

A
  • dark bands between cardiac muscle cells
  • help hold muscle cells together during contraction and create an electrical connection between the cells that allows the heart to contract as one functional unit
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3
Q

What is the Mediastinum

A

The space in the chest between the lungs that contains all the internal organ of the chest except the lungs.

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4
Q

A specialized area of cardiac tissue, located in the right atrium of the heart, which initiates the electrical impulses that determine the heart rate; often termed the pacemaker for the heart.

A

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

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5
Q

A small mass of specialized cardiac muscle fibers, located in the wall of the right atrium of the heart, that receives heartbeat impulses from the sinoatrial node and directs them to the walls of the ventricles.

A

Atrioventricular (AV) Node

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6
Q

Where are the Atria?

What do they do?

Describe right versus left functions.

A
  • Top of the heart
  • Collects blood returning to the heart
  • Right Atrium: deoxygenated from the entire body
  • Left Atrium: oxygenated from the lungs.
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7
Q

What are Ventricles?

Where are the located?

Describe Right vs. Left functions.

A
  • Pumps blood out of the lungs or body
  • Bottom side of the heart
  • Right Ventricle: Pumps blood to the lungs from the right atrium
  • Left Ventricle: Pumps blood to the rest of the body from the left atrium
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8
Q

What is the path of blood travels through in relation to the heart?

A

Oxygenated blood, red, travels from the lungs to the left atrium (top Left). It then fills the left ventricle (bottom) before being pushed out to the body.

Deoxygenated blood, blue, returns to the heart from various body segments through the right atrium (top right). From the right atrium the blood travels through the right ventricle and out to the lungs to be be saturated with oxygen.

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9
Q

What is Stroke Volume?

What is the average volume?

A

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction.

77 milliliters

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10
Q

What is the Heart Rate (HR) and what is the average for an adult?

A

The rate at which the heart pumps.

70-80 beats per minute

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11
Q

What is Cardiac Output?

What is the formula?

A

-The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute (mL blood/min).

Formula: Heart Rate (HR) x Stroke Volume (SV)

Example: 70bmp (HR) x 70mL/beat (stroke volume) = 4,900mL/min (4.9L/min)

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12
Q

What are the 3 functions of blood?

A

TRANSPORTS: 1. carries nutrients, hormones, and oxygen to the body, 2. Removes waste products

REGULATES body temperature, fights infections

PROTECTS 1. from bleeding by clotting
2, with immune cells to fight disease

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13
Q

What are the three types of cells in blood and what are their functions?

A
  1. Red Blood Cells: carry O2 from the lungs throughout the body
  2. White Blood Cells: help fight infection
  3. Platelets: help with clotting
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14
Q

Network of hollow tubes that circulates blood throughout the body.

A

Blood Vessels

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15
Q

What are the names of the blood vessels in the order in which they travel?

A
  1. Arteries
  2. Arterioles
  3. Capillaries
  4. Venules
  5. Veins
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16
Q
  • The smallest blood vessels
  • The site of exchange of chemicals (O2, Nutrients, Hormones, and waste products) and water between the blood and the tissues.

What two blood vessels do they connect?

A

Capillaries

-Connects venules with arterioles.

17
Q

What is composed of skeletal structures (bones) and soft tissues (muscles) that work together to allow proper respiratory mechanics to occur and help pump blood back to the heart during inspiration.

A

Respiratory Pump

18
Q

What are the two phases of breathing (ventilation)?

A
  1. Inspiration (or inhalation)

2. Expiration (or exhalation)

19
Q

What is the process of getting oxygen from the environment to the tissues in the body?

A

Diffusion

20
Q

What is Maximal Oxygen Consumption (V02max) and what is it used for? How is it determined? What can its values range from?

A
  • The highest rate of oxygen transport and utilization during maximal exercise.
  • used for measuring cardiorespiratory Fitness
  • Only way to determine is to directly measure ventilation, oxygen consumption, and carbon dioxide production during maximal exercise test.
  • V02max values can range anywhere from 40 to 80mL/(kg min), or approximately 11 to 23 METs.
21
Q

What does Vo2 stand for?

A

Volume of Oxygen consumption

22
Q

How much is one MET? What does MET stand for? What does MET mean?

A

1 MET = 3.5 mL Oxygen/kg body weight/min
MET: Metabolic equivalent
One MET is resting Vo2 (Oxygen consumption)

23
Q

Where are (gasses such as oxygen and carbon dioxide) transported in and out of the bloodstream through diffusion?

A

Alveolar sacs

24
Q

At rest how many mL of O2 do we consume per kilogram of body weight per minute?

A

3.5mL

NASM Free ch. 3, 4 CONDENSED (2 decks)

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