Ch 3: Note Sheet 4

Question 1

Passive Transport

Answer 1

movement with the gradient (downhill reactions)
does NOT require cellular energy
depends upon concentration differences and pressure

Question 2

Diffusion

Answer 2

tendency of atoms, molecules, and ions in a liquid or air solution to move from areas of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 3

Why does diffusion occur?

Answer 3

occurs due to constant, random motion of molecules

Question 4

Concentration gradient

Answer 4

the difference

Question 5

Equilibrium

Answer 5

more evenly distributed

Question 6

Osmosis

Answer 6

diffusion of water molecules from higher to lower concentration across selectively permeable membrane
not permeable to all solutes, such as proteins

Question 7

Isotonic Solution

Answer 7

any solution that has the same osmotic pressure as body fluids (same H2O and same solutes)

Question 8

Hypertonic Solution

Answer 8

solutions with a higher osmotic pressure than body fluids (High solute, low H2O)

Question 9

Hypotonic Solution

Answer 9

solution that has a lower osmotic pressure than body fluids (low solute, high H2O)

Question 10

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 10

diffusion that is aided by membrane proteins or pores

Question 11

Facilitated Diffusion is important for…

Answer 11

the transport of ions, water, water-soluble glucose, and amino acids

Question 12

Filtration

Answer 12

forced movement through a membrane based on pressure
typically blood pressure controlled by the heart

Question 13

Active Transport

Answer 13

net movement of particles passing through a membrane from low concentration to a high concentration (“uphill” reaction)
NEEDS to use cell energy

Question 14

What does Active Transport use?

Answer 14

uses carrier molecules within the cell membrane

Question 15

What goes across during Active Transport

Answer 15

Ions (Na+, K+, H+, Cl-, Ca2+, I-)
Amino Acids (valine, leucine, alanine)
Monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, lactose)

Question 16

Endocytosis

Answer 16

vesicular transport INTO the cell

Question 17

Phagocytosis

Answer 17

takes in solid particles
disposal of foreign objects, removal of damaged cells and parts, destruction of disease-causing organisms

Question 18

Pinocytosis

Answer 18

takes in liquids
water and particles dissolved in it that would otherwise be too large

Question 19

Exocytosis

Answer 19

movement of molecules OUT of the cell
passage of vesicles to the ECF
used for protein transporting and neurochemical transfer