Ch 3: Review Wksht Flashcards
(29 cards)
What are the 4 basic parts of all living cells?
cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, inclusion
Why are inclusions considered a basic part of all cells?
all cells have different chemicals
What is the chemistry of the plasma membrane? (all parts making the membrane)
-bilayer of phospholipid molecules
-embedded proteins
-some carbohydrates, cholesterols, glycolipids
What purpose do peripheral proteins serve to a cell?
“cellular adhesion molecules”: allow certain cells to touch or bind
What 3 things are found as part of the cytoplasm?
cytosol, organelles, inclusions
What is the composition of the cytosol?
75-90% water and solid components (proteins, carbs, lipids, inorganic substances)
What is the function of ribosomes?
assemble amino acids to form protein chains
What characteristics are exhibited by mitochondria that are different from other organelles?
-has the ability to divide (so it can multiply)
-contain their own DNA
-has double-layer membrane -> inner layer forms folds known as cristae
What are the functions of lysosomes?
contains enzymes to dismantle debris (“recycling center”)
What biochemical reactions are peroxisomes involved in?
-forming bile salts
-breakdown large lipid chains
-breakdown rare biochemicals
How are flagella and cilia functionally different?
cilia= move particles away from the cells, as well as anchor the cell
flagella= move the actual cell itself
What is the function of the nucleolus?
assembles ribosomes
How are the following different: chromosomes, chromatids, and chromatin?
Chromosome: thickened rods of chromatin (pair of chromatids= 1 chromosome)
Chromatid: a singular rod of chromatin
Chromatin: loosely coiled fibers in the nuclear field
What are “nutrients”?
the molecules your body is continually breaking up, rebuilding, and breaking apart again
Why are metabolic processes important to cells?
they are the biochemical reactions going on in our body
What is the difference between anabolic and catabolic reactions?
catobolic: large molecules are broken down
anabolic: large molecules are constructed from smaller ones
What are “enzymes”?
type of protein that controls rate of reaction
What is the equation for the formation of cellular energy?
ATP <-> ADP + PO4^3- + Energy
Why is DNA so important to cells?
contains code for proteins
Describe the electrochemical gradient and where is it found?
found in the membrane of a cell, it maintains an electrical (abt charge) and chemical (abt chemicals) gradient between the inside and outside of the cell membrane
What is the compositional difference between the ECF and the ICF?
ECF: mainly Na+ and Cl-
ICF: mainly K+, PO4^3-, and proteins
What are 3 factors that affect selective permeability?
-lipid solubility: substances dissolved in lipids easily
-size: large molecules cannot pass through easily or at all
-charge: charged molecules cannot pass easily
What does it mean to say a nutrient of the body is “essential?”
you need to have that nutrient for your body to stay near homeostasis
How do passive and active transport processes differ?
passive: movement with the gradient (“downhill”)
active: movement against the gradient (“uphill”)
