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Periodontics > Ch. 3 Overview Of Diseases > Flashcards

Ch. 3 Overview Of Diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

What is disease progression?

A

Pathogenesis; Sequence of events that occur during the development of a disease or abnormal condition.

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2
Q

What are the two types of periodontal disease?

A
  • Gingivitis
  • Periodontitis
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3
Q

What is gingivitis?

A

A bacterial infection that is confined to the gingival tissues, resulting in reversible destruction to the tissues of the periodontium.

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4
Q

What is periodontitis?

A

A bacterial infection that affects all parts of the periodontium, resulting in irreversible destruction to the tissues.

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5
Q

What are the three basic states of the periodontium?

A
  • Gingivitis
  • Periodontitis
  • Periodontium in Health
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6
Q

What is the clinical picture of gingivitis?

A
  • Gingival tissue red or reddish-blue (cyanotic)
  • Gingival margin swollen
  • Interdental papillae bulbous, swollen
  • Bleeding upon gentle probing
  • Probing depths greater than 3 mm
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7
Q

What is the onset period for gingivitis after plaque biofilm accumulation?

A

4 to 14 days.

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8
Q

What are the microscopic characteristics of gingivitis?

A
  • Hemidesmosomes still attach to enamel
  • Epithelial ridges form and extend from junctional epithelium into adjacent connective tissue zone
  • Reversible damage to gingival fibers
  • No infection in alveolar bone or periodontal ligament fibers
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9
Q

What are the characteristics of periodontitis?

A
  • Apical migration of junctional epithelium
  • Loss of connective tissue attachment
  • Loss of alveolar bone
  • Tissue destruction in an intermittent manner at different rates throughout the mouth
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10
Q

What is the clinical picture of periodontitis?

A
  • Visible alterations in color, contour, and consistency
  • Gingival margin may be swollen or fibrotic
  • Interdental papillae may balloon out or be blunted
  • Bleeding upon probing common
  • Suppuration possible
  • Pocket depths 4 mm or greater
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11
Q

What happens to the junctional epithelium in periodontitis?

A

Apical migration occurs, and the coronal-most portion detaches from the tooth surface.

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12
Q

What is pathologic tooth migration?

A

Movement of teeth due to destruction of supporting structures in periodontitis.

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13
Q

What is the primary cause of alveolar bone loss in periodontitis?

A

Resorption of alveolar bone due to inflammation.

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14
Q

What is a suprabony pocket?

A

Occurs with horizontal bone loss, but the pocket base is coronal to the alveolar crest.

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15
Q

What is an infrabony pocket?

A

Occurs with vertical bone loss, and the junctional epithelium is apical to the crest of the alveolar bone.
Types; infrabony defect and osseous defect

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16
Q

What is the continuous progression theory?

A

Historical view that periodontal disease progresses slowly and constantly throughout the mouth over adult life.

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17
Q

True or False: All untreated gingivitis cases progress to periodontitis.

A

False.

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18
Q

What is the average depth of a healthy gingival sulcus?

A

1 to 3 mm deep.

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19
Q

What are the three types of intrabony defects?

A
  • One-Wall Intrabony Defect
  • Two-Wall
  • Three-Wall Intrabony Defects
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20
Q

What is furcation involvement?

A

Occurs on multirooted teeth when periodontal infection invades the area between and around the roots.

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21
Q

What indicates an active disease site in periodontal disease?

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A

Continued apical migration of junctional epithelium.

22
Q

What is the significance of probing depths greater than 3 mm?

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A

Indicates possible periodontal disease, particularly periodontitis.

23
Q

What is the role of inflammation in bone destruction?

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A

Response to injury or pathogenic invasion that leads to permanent tissue destruction.

24
Q

What does untreated gingivitis progress to according to the Continuous Progression Theory?

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A

Periodontitis

All untreated gingivitis cases progress to periodontitis.

25
At what rate does periodontitis progress according to the Continuous Progression Theory?
All cases of periodontitis progress at a slow, steady rate.
26
Does periodontal disease progress at a constant rate?
No Research in the early 1980s indicated that periodontal disease does not progress at a constant rate.
27
What characterizes the Intermittent Progression Theory?
Periods of disease activity and inactivity (remission) Periodontal disease characterized by sporadic tissue destruction.
28
How does untreated gingivitis typically behave according to the Intermittent Progression Theory?
Most does not progress to periodontitis Most untreated gingivitis cases do not progress to periodontitis.
29
What affects susceptibility to periodontitis according to the Intermittent Progression Theory?
Varies greatly by individual Individual susceptibility to periodontitis varies significantly.
30
What is epidemiology?
Study of health and disease within total population and risk factors Epidemiology includes behavioral, environmental, and genetic risk factors.
31
What do epidemiologists work to determine?
Occurrence and risk factors Epidemiologists identify risk factors and provide information on treatment and prevention.
32
What is disease prevalence?
Number of ALL cases identified in a specific population at a given point in time Prevalence includes both old and new cases.
33
What is disease incidence?
Number of NEW cases in a population over a given period Incidence measures new occurrences of a disease.
34
What variables are associated with the prevalence of disease?
* Gender * Race/ethnicity * Education and socioeconomic status * Age * Behavior * Access to dental care These variables can significantly impact disease prevalence.
35
What are the difficulties in measuring periodontal disease?
Involves hard and soft tissues, multiple variables, and methods of assessment Measurement is less specific, more of a range, and subject to change.
36
What is the status of periodontal disease in adult Americans?
One of the most widespread diseases Most individuals with periodontal disease are unaware of its presence.
37
What is the role of the CDC in relation to periodontal disease?
Monitor burden of oral disease and track state data CDC collaborates with the Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors for surveillance.
38
What is the implication of the findings from CDC’s 2009–2010 NHANES?
Periodontal disease is a public health concern Findings highlighted the need for improved disease surveillance.
39
What are disease sites?
• Areas of tissue destruction • Inactive disease site • Active disease site • Assess with periodontal probe
40
True or False: Gingivitis effects all parts of the periodontium
False; gingivitis is confined to the gingiva
41
True or False: periodontitis affects all parts of the periodontium?
True
42
What is the clinical picture for periodontal health?
Pink, firm No bleeding JE coronal to CEJ Subgingival fibers intact Alveolar bone intact PDL intact
43
What is bone height in health and gingivitis?
Crest of alveolar bone 2 to 3 mm apical to CEJs
44
What is the most common pattern of bone loss in periodontitis?
Horizontal bone loss
45
What is the pathway of inflammation in horizontal bone loss?
1. Within gingival tissue along connective tissue sheath 2. Into alveolar bone 3. Into PDL space
46
What is the pathway of inflammation in vertical bone loss?
1. Into gingival tissues 2. Directly into PDL space 3. Into alveolar bone
47
What is an intrabony defect?
• Bone resorption occurs inuneven, oblique direction • Primarily affects one tooth
48
What is an osseous crater in the proximal bone contour?
A dip in proximal bone from facial to lingual affecting adjacent roots
49
What is attachment loss in periodontal pockets?
Destruction of fibers and bone that support teeth Spreads apically and laterally The pocket on different root surfaces can have different depths
50
What is a periodontal pocket?
Pathological deepening of gingival sulcus Occurs as result of: • Apical migration of junctional epithelium • Destruction of periodontal ligament fibers • Destruction of alveolar bone • Not necessarily indicator of active disease
51
What are gingival pockets?
Pseudopockets; Deepening of gingival sulcus due to swelling

Periodontics (20 decks)

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