Ch. 3 The Big 5 Personality Traits Flashcards
Week 3 (23 cards)
How were the Big 5 personality traits developed?
using the lexical hypothesis, and gathering personality words from a dictionary, and then having ppl rate themselves, and seeing which words correlated with each other (factor analysis) to find the five factors with the most adjectives.
What is a trait?
relatively stable tendencies of individuals
What is the lexical hypothesis?
the idea that traits are embedded in our language as single words, and the most NB traits are represented by the largest number of words.
What is factor analysis?
analyzing correlations among items to group them into related factors/clusters. so with words from the lexical hypoth, they analyzed which words correlated with each other and formed groups of adjectives.
List the B5 personality traits.
extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness to experience.
What is extraversion?
enjoys being outgoing and experiencing pos emotions. oppo= introversion.
What is agreeableness?
caring for others and getting along with other ppl. oppo= being argumentative, combative, and self centered.
What is conscientiousness?
being organized, self controlled, and ambitious. oppo= being messy, unmotivated, and impulsive.
What is neuroticism?
neg emotions such as worry and anger. oppo= calmness and emotional stability.
What is openness to experience?
being interested in trying new activities, playing with new ideas, beliefs, and value systems. oppo= being conventional and less comfy with change.
What is a facet?
more specific components of the B5, subcategories of the B5 traits.
What are the facets of extraversion?
friendliness, gregariousness, assertiveness, high activity lvl, excitement seeking, cheerfulness.
What are the facets of agreeableness?
trust, morality, altruism, cooperation, modesty, sympathy.
What are the facets of conscientiousness?
self-efficacy, orderliness, dutifulness, achievement striving, self-discipline, cautiousness.
What are the facets of neuroticism?
anxiety, anger, depression, self-conscious, immoderation, vulnerability.
What are the facets of openness to experience?
imagination, artistic interests, emotionality, adventurousness, intellect, liberalism.
What are the behaviours, characteristics, and attitudes of ppl high in extraversion?
have smaller savings than introverts bc they are more sensitive to rewards. linked to better mental health. more likely to emerge as leaders. harder to study and perform better with a high lvl of background noise.
What are the behaviours, characteristics, and attitudes of ppl high in agreeableness? What about low?
make good friends and caring romantic partners, getting along with others and less criminal behaviour. low is assoc with antisocial behaviour like aggression, drug abuse, criminal activity, and risky sex. involves hostile attribution bias.
What is the hostile attribution bias?
tendency for ppl to see others as hostile and aggressive. seeing the worst in ppl.
What are the behaviours, characteristics, and attitudes of ppl high in conscientiousness? What about low?
involves willpower, can usu get work done despite distractions, frustration, or boredom. less likely to put off work. better phys and mental health. strongest predictor of academic and professional success. low more likely to abuse drugs and engage in crime.
What are the behaviours, characteristics, and attitudes of ppl high in neuroticism?
tend to choke under pressure. more prone to mental health issues. also more likely to have physical health problems.
What are the behaviours, characteristics, and attitudes of ppl high in openness to experience?
tend to be creative, more liberal views, affected by situational factors.
How do the big 5 traits help us better understand ourselves?
captures traits NB to survival and reproduction. can be used to understand personality systems. can be used in other cultures (sometimes slightly differently) and other species.
