Ch. 30- Hematologic System (Unit 3)

Question 1

Hematology

Answer 1

The study of blood and blood-forming tissues.

Question 2

Hematopoiesis

Answer 2

Blood cell production that occurs within the bone marrow.

Question 3

Bone Marrow

Answer 3

Soft material that fills the central core of bones

Question 4

Two types of bone marrow include

Answer 4

Red marrow (hematopoietic) and yellow marrow (adipose)

Question 5

Red marrow actively produces ____ ____.

Answer 5

Blood cells.

Question 6

Three types of blood cells include:

Answer 6

• Red blood cells (RBCs)
• White Blood Cells (WBCs)
• Platelets

Question 7

Blood is a type of _____ tissue.

Answer 7

Connective

Question 8

3 major functions of blood:

Answer 8

1) Transportation
2) Regulation
3) Protection

Question 9

Approximately ____ of blood is plasma

Answer 9

55%

Question 10

Plasma is composed primarily of _____.

Answer 10

Water

Question 11

Plasma contains

Answer 11

Proteins, electrolytes, gases, nutrients, and waste.

Question 12

Serum refers to

Answer 12

Plasma minus its clotting factors.

Question 13

Plasma proteins include:

Answer 13

Albumin, globulin, and clotting factors (mostly fibrinogen)

Question 14

Most plasma proteins are produced by the ____.

Answer 14

Liver

Question 15

Antibodies are produced by

Answer 15

Plasma cells

Question 16

Albumin

Answer 16

A protein that helps maintain oncotic pressure in the blood.

Question 17

3 Types of blood cells:

Answer 17

• Erythrocytes (RBCs)
• Leukocytes (WBCs)
• Thrombocytes (Platelets)

Question 18

The primary function of Erythrocytes is:

Answer 18

Oxygen transportation

Question 19

Leukocytes are involved in protecting the body from _____.

Answer 19

Infection

Question 20

Platelets promote ____ _____.

Answer 20

Blood coagulation.

Question 21

The primary functions of RBCs include

Answer 21

Transportation of gases (both oxygen and carbon dioxide) assistance in maintaining acid-base balance.

Question 22

Hemoglobin

Answer 22

A complex protein-iron compound composed of heme (an iron compound) and globin (a simple protein), binds with oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Question 23

Oxyhemoglobin

Answer 23

Oxygen-bound hemoglobin that is responsible for giving arterial blood its bright red appearance.

Question 24

Hemoglobin acts as a buffer and plays a role in maintaining ____ _____ _____.

Answer 24

Acid-base balance

Question 25

Erythropoiesis

Answer 25

The process of RBC production

Question 26

Erythropoiesis is regulated by:

Answer 26

Cellular oxygen requirements and general metabolic activity.

Question 27

Erythropoiesis is stimulated by ____ and controlled by ____.

Answer 27

Hypoxia; erythropoietin

Question 28

Erythropoietin

Answer 28

A glycoprotein growth factor synthesized and released primarily by the kidney.

Question 29

Erythropoietin stimulates the bone marrow to increase ______ production.

Answer 29

erythrocyte

Question 30

Hypothyroidism is often associated with

Answer 30

Anemia

Question 31

Reticulocyte

Answer 31

An immature erythrocyte

Question 32

Reticulocyte count

Answer 32

Measures the rate at which new RBCs appear in the circulation. Reticulocyte can develop into mature RBCs within 48 hours of release into the circulation

Question 33

Hemolysis

Answer 33

Destruction of RBCs

Question 34

Hemolysis by monotypes and macrophages removes:

Answer 34

Abnormal, defective, damaged, and old RBCs from circulation

Question 35

Hemolysis normally occurs in

Answer 35

Bone marrow, liver, and spleen

Question 36

Hemolysis of RBCs results in increased ____ to be processed by the body.

Answer 36

bilirubin

Question 37

Leukocytes

Answer 37

2 major types: | -Granulocytes and agranulocytes

Question 38

Granulocytes | Leukocytes containing granules within the cytoplasm

Answer 38

3 types: - Neutophils - Basophils - Eusinophils

Question 39

Agranulocytes | Leukocytes that do not have granules within the cytoplasm

Answer 39

2 major types: - Lymphocytes - Monocytes

Question 40

Primary function of granulocytes

Answer 40

Phagocytosis

Question 41

Phagocytosis

Answer 41

Process by which WBCs ingest or engulf any unwanted organism and then digest and kill it

Question 42

Most common type of granulocyte

Answer 42

Neutrophil

Question 43

Neutrophils are the primary phagocytic cells involved in

Answer 43

Acute inflammatory responses

Question 44

Mature neutrophil

Answer 44

``` Segmented neutrophil (Nucleus is segmented into 2-5 lobes connected by strands) ```

Question 45

Immature neutrophil

Answer 45

Band | band appearance of the nucleus

Question 46

Increased in neutrophil is a common diagnostic indicator of

Answer 46

Infection and tissue injury

Question 47

Eosinophils

Answer 47

Engulf antigen-antibody complexes formed during an allergic response.

Question 48

An elevated level of eosinophils may indicate

Answer 48

neoplastic disorders, such as Hodgkin's lymphoma, and is seen in various skin diseases and connective tissue disorders

Question 49

Eosinophils are also able to defend against

Answer 49

Parasitic infections

Question 50

Basophils

Answer 50

Contain chemical mediators, such as heparin and histamine.

Question 51

Basophils is stimulated by

Answer 51

An antigen or by tissue injury, it responds by releasing substances within the granules

Question 52

Mast cells

Answer 52

Similar to Basophils, but reside in connective tissues. Play a central role in inflammation, permeability of blood vessels, and smooth muscle contraction

Question 53

Lymphocytes

Answer 53

An agranular leukocyte Formers the basis of the cellular and humoral immune responses

Question 54

2 lymphocyte subtypes

Answer 54

B and T cells

Question 55

Natural Killer (NK) cells

Answer 55

Lymphocytes that do not require prior exposure to antigens to kill virus-infected cells and activate T cells and phagocytes

Question 56

Monocytes

Answer 56

Are potent phagocytic cells that ingest small or large masses of matter, such as bacteria, dead cells, tissue debris, and old or defective RBCs

Question 57

Thrombocyte

Answer 57

Initiate the clotting process by producing an initial platelet plug in the early phases of the process

Question 58

For blood clotting to occur, platelets must be

Answer 58

available in sufficient numbers and must be structurally and metabolically sound