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Biology II > ch. 32 > Flashcards

ch. 32 Flashcards

1
Q

characteristics of animal kingdom

A

Martha has cold numb smiles surviving every joke
1. multicellular
2. heterotroph
3. cells lack cell walls
4. have nerves, muscles, capacity to move at some point during life cycle
5. ability to reproduce sexually
6. specialized sensory structures/nervous system
7. cells exist in extensive extracellular matrix
8. unique cell junctions

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2
Q

main morphological/developmental features for classification

A
  1. presence or absence of different tissue types
  2. type of body symmetry
  3. number of germ layers
  4. presence or absence of true boy cavity
  5. patterns of embryonic development
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3
Q

para

A

along side

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4
Q

zoa

A

animals

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5
Q

what 2 subkingdoms are kingdom Animalia split in to?

A
  • subkingdom parazoa
  • subkingdom eumetazoa
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6
Q

metazoa

A

tissue of all animals

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7
Q

what is metazoa divided into

A
  • parazoa
  • eumetazoa
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8
Q

parazoa

A

no specialized tissues or organs
- porifera - sponges, bearing pores

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9
Q

eumetazoa

A

more than one type of tissue and organs

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10
Q

meta

A

after or along with, change

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11
Q

eu

A

true

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12
Q

what is subkingdom eumetazoa divided into

A
  • diploblastic
  • triploblastic
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13
Q

symmetry of eumetazoa

A
  • radially symmetrical (Radiata)
  • bilaterally symmetrical (Bilateria)
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14
Q

what do bilateral animals have

A
  • cephalization
  • dorsal and ventral ends
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15
Q

cephalization

A

concentration of sensory and feeding organs around brain/head

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16
Q

3 germ layers of bilateral animals

A

eco-, meso- endoderm

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17
Q

what do radial animals have

A

oral and aboral sides

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18
Q

2 germ layers of radial animals

A

ecto-, endoderm

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19
Q

lateral

A

side to side

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20
Q

cephal

A

head

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21
Q

ab

A

away

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22
Q

germ

A

give rise

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23
Q

different axes of body (think fish)

A
  • anteroposterior axis
  • dorsoventral axis
  • left-right axis
  • proximodistal axis
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24
Q

are bilateria triploblastic or diploblastic

A

triploblastic - 3 germ layers

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25
Q

are radiata triploblastic or diploblastic

A

diploblastic - 2 germ layers

26
Q

when do cell layers develop?

A

during gastrulation

27
Q

inner layer

A

endoderm

28
Q

outer layer

A

ectoderm

29
Q

3rd layer in bilateral animals

A

mesoderm
- forms muscles and most other organs

30
Q

blast

A

to lay down

31
Q

derm

A

skin

32
Q

meso

A

middle

33
Q

gastro

A

stomach

34
Q

process from zygote to gastrula

A
  • zygotę - cleavage
  • 8-cell stage Morula - cleavage
  • Blastula (hollow ball)
  • gastrulation
  • gastrula (with endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm, blastopore, archenteron)
35
Q

arche

A

old, primitive

36
Q

entero

A

intestine

37
Q

true coelom

A

body cavity completely lined with mesoderm (coelomates)

38
Q

pseudocoelom

A

coelom not completely lined by tissue derived from mesoderm (pseudocoelomates)

39
Q

acoelomates

A

lack body cavity entirely

40
Q

what can a fluid-filled body cavity do

A

protect internal organs or be used as hydrostatic skeleton

41
Q

mesenchyme

A

connective tissue

42
Q

chymus

A

bodily fluid (Latin)

43
Q

2 types of cleavage

A
  1. spiral
  2. radial
44
Q

2 fates of embryonic cells

A
  1. determinate cleavage - development arrested
  2. indeterminate cleavage - normal embryo
45
Q

2 fates of blastopore

A
  1. blastopore becomes mouth
  2. blastopore because anus
46
Q

protostome embryonic development

A

spiral cleavage, determinate cleavage, blastopore becomes mouth

47
Q

deuterostome embryonic development

A

radial cleavage, indeterminate cleavage (pluripotent stem cells), blastopore becomes anus

48
Q

stome

A

mouth

49
Q

deutero

A

second

50
Q

how many larval stages do most animals have

A

at least 1

51
Q

larva

A

sexually immature and morphologically distinct from the adult
- undergoes metamorphosis to become a juvenile

52
Q

juvenile

A

resembles adult, not yet sexually mature

53
Q

morph

A

shape

54
Q

all animals have developmental genes that what?

A

regulate expression of other genes

55
Q

Hox genes

A

unique family of developmental genes that most animals share

56
Q

what do Hox genes regulate

A

development of body form

57
Q

evolutionists and Hox genes

A

although Hox family of genes has been highly conserved, it can produce a wide diversity of animal morphology

58
Q

Lophotrochozoa

A

another clade of bilateral invertebrates

59
Q

lophophore

A

feeding structure of some lophotrochozoans

60
Q

trochophore larva

A

distinct developmental stage of some lophotrochozoans

Biology II (43 decks)

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