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BI 213 > CH 32/33 > Flashcards

CH 32/33 Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Animalia means

A

“Having breath”

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2
Q

Kingdom animalia

A

-Multicellular eukaryotes
-heterotrophic (ingestion)
- most are invertebrates

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3
Q

Cells and tissues

A

-no cell walls
- specialized tissue types

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4
Q

What holds animal cells together?

A

Structural proteins ex: collagen

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5
Q

How do most animals reproduce?

A

Sexually

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6
Q

Steps of development

A

Zygote->eight cell stage->blastula->gastrula

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7
Q

Hox genes

A

Regulate development in most animals

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8
Q

Larva

A

Offspring that is genetically different than adult as juvenile

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9
Q

When did animals diverge from fungi?

A

1 bya

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10
Q

What is a body plan

A

Layout of morphological and developmental traits

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11
Q

Types of symmetry

A

-asymmetrical
-radial
-bilateral

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12
Q

Diploblastic

A

2 germ layers: endoderm and ectoderm

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13
Q

Triploblastic

A

3 germ layers: endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm

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14
Q

Body cavity purpose

A

-protection of organs
-hydrostatic support
-independent growth and movement of organs

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15
Q

Coelomate

A

Lined with mesoderm

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16
Q

Pseudocoelomate

A

Lined with mesoderm and endoderm

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17
Q

Acoelomate

A

No body cavity

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18
Q

Open circulation

A

No veins

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19
Q

Closed circulation

A

Veins

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20
Q

Points of agreement in animal systematics

A

-The animal kingdom is monophyletic
-sponges are most likely basal
- eumetazoa: clase with true tissues
- most are in clade bilateria and triploblastic
- chordates and some others are in closed deuterostomia

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21
Q

Invertebrates

A

-animals with no backbone

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22
Q

What percent of spp are inverts?

A

95%

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23
Q

Parazoa: Phylum Porifera

Study These Flashcards
A

-sedentary suspension feeders in aquatic environments
- most are sequential hermaphrodites

24
Q

T or F: sponges are a part of the clade eumetazoa

25
Phylum Cnidaria
- one of the oldest lineages -carnivores with tentacles -reproduce sexually and asexually -simple diploblastic sac: -radial, hydrostatic -incomplete digestive system: gastrovascular cavity -simple nerve net
26
Cnidocytes
stinging cells with nematocysts
27
28
What are the two forms of cnidarians?
The sessile polyp and the motile Medusa
29
Cnidarian: anthozoans
-mostly marine -dominant polyp -some are colonial
30
Cnidarian: medusozoans
-all marine -dominant Medusa - reduced or absent polyp
31
Clade Lophotrochozoa
-“crest animals” - 18 phyla of protostomes - lophophore (ciliated tentacles) or trochophore larva, or neither
32
Phylum platyhelminthes
-acoelomate flatworms in all moist and aquatic environments - gastrovascular cavity -gas exchange and secretion via diffusion -free living or parasitic
33
Phylum rotifera: “wheel bearers”
-teeny tiny - moist and aquatic habitats -pseudocoelomate, hydrostatic -complete digestive system -many asexual with parthogenesis
34
Lophophorates: extoprocts and brachiopods
-eucoelomate with lophophore -sessile, no defined head -filter feeders
35
Phylum extcoprocta “outside anus”
bryzoans
36
Phylum brachiopoda: “arm foot”
-marine lamp shells -look like bivalves but hinged differently
37
Phylum mollusca: soft
-most are marine, some FW and terrestrial -eucoelomates -soft bodies that often have calcium carbonate skeletons -most have separate sexes, some hermaphrodites -trochophore larva
38
Class polyplacophora: “many plates”
-intertidal grazers -very muscular feet
39
Class Gastropoda: “stomach foot”
-all envt’s -most have head with stalked eyes -radula
40
Class bivalva: “two valves”
- no defined head, no radula -mostly suspension feeders -mostly sessile, some move
41
Class cephalopoda “head foot”
- active marine predators -tentacles, beak, poison, siphon -closed circulation - v well developed sensory organs
42
Phylum annelida “little rings”
-segmented worm in all habitats -eucoelomates, hydrostatic, with well developed systems -complete digestive track and closed circulation - ventral nerve cord and simple brain
43
Clade ecdysozoa: “molting animals”
- 8 phyla - all protostomes -some shed cuticle as they grow
44
Phylum nematoda: “ thread like”
- unsegmented roundworms - hydrostatic, pseudocoelomates - complete digestive tract -separate sexes, internal fert - lotsa eggs - found almost everywhere: soil decomposers and parasites
45
Phylum arthopoda: “ jointed legs”
-2/3 of all known spp - found everywhere -segmented eucoelomates -pairs of jointed appendages -chitin exoskeleton - open circulation & various gas exchange organs - v developed sense organs w/ compound eyes
46
Subphylum chelicerata: “ clawed horn”
- chelicerae (fangs or pincers) - no antennae or mandibles -cephalothorax and abdomen -simple eyes Ex: arachnids
47
Subphylum myriapoda: “ countless legs”
- antennae and mandibles - terrestrial
48
Class diplopoda (millipedes)
- 2 pairs of legs per segment - decomposers
49
Class chilopoda (centipedes) “ lip feet”
- 1 pair of legs per segment - carnivores: poison claws
50
Subphylum hexapoda “six legs”
- more spp than all other life forms - all terrestrial and fw - v complex organ systems - flight is a key adaptation to insects Significance: pollinators and pests
51
Subphylum Crustacea “ hard shelled”
- mainly aquatic - very specialized branches appendages for feeding and locomotion Ex: barnacles
52
Phylum echinodermata “spiny skin”
- marine grazers, scavengers, predators, and filter feeders - calcium carbonate enoskeleton - simple nervous system - pedicellariae for defense and cleaning - many capable of regeneration - unique vascular system
53
Class asteroidea “star like”
- tube feet with suckers
54
Class ophiurodea “snake tail”
- mainly predators and scavengers - tube feet and lack suckers
55
Class echinoidea “spiny form”
- scavengers, grazers - no arms, 5 rows of tube feet - movable spines
56
Class crinoidea “ Lily like”
- sessile sea lilies and motile feather stars - filter feeders with modified tube feet - mouth faces up
57
Class holothuroidea “whole oblong”
- no spines - very reduced endoskeleton - 5 rows of tube feet - evisceration of gut

BI 213 (9 decks)

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