Ch. 32 - The Digestive System

Question 1

A necessary food substance

Answer 1

Nutrient

Question 2

Food mixed with saliva and mucus

Answer 2

Bolus

Question 3

The hole in the diaphragm through which the esophagus extends

Answer 3

Esophageal hiatus

Question 4

The duct that delivers bile to the duodenum

Answer 4

Bile duct

Question 5

A substance created in the liver that is used in the digestion of fats

Answer 5

Bile

Question 6

The roof of the mouth

Answer 6

Palate

Question 7

Abnormal dilations in the intestinal wall

Answer 7

Diverticula

Question 8

Breakdown of food by chemicals such as enzymes

Answer 8

Chemical digestion

Question 9

The structure that anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth

Answer 9

Lingual frenulum

Question 10

Sugar stored in the liver and muscle fibers

Answer 10

Glycogen

Question 11

A structure that covers the opening into the larynx to prevent food and liquid from entering

Answer 11

Epiglottis

Question 12

Projections that increase the surface area of the small intestine

Answer 12

Microvilli

Question 13

The acidic mixture of food and gastric juices

Answer 13

Chyme

Question 14

The part of the soft palate that hangs down into the throat

Answer 14

Uvula

Question 15

A constriction at the junction of the esophagus and stomach that acts like a valve, allowing swallowed substances to enter the stomach and preventing stomach contents from moving into the esophagus

Answer 15

Lower-esophageal sphincter

Question 16

A substance from parietal cells that is needed for B12 absorption

Answer 16

Intrinsic factor

Question 17

Fats that are used by the body to make energy when glucose levels are low

Answer 17

Lipids

Question 18

The folds of the stomach lining

Answer 18

Gastric rugae

Question 19

Leftover chyme after water, electrolytes, and vitamins are reabsorbed into the body

Answer 19

Feces

Question 20

Breakdown of food by mastication (chewing)

Answer 20

Mechanical digestion

Question 21

The most abundant dietary lipids

Answer 21

Triglycerides

Question 22

The parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands

Answer 22

Salivary glands

Question 23

The structure that carries blood from the digestive organs to the liver

Answer 23

Hepatic portal vein

Question 24

The tube, or pathway, that extends from the mouth to the anus

Answer 24

Alimentary canal

Question 25

A dietary lipid that is essential to cell growth and function

Answer 25

Cholesterol

Question 26

What is the primary function of the gallbladder?

Answer 26

Stores bile

Question 27

Which pancreatic secretion neutralizes acidic chyme?

Answer 27

Bicarbonate

Question 28

Which disease is Helicobacter Pylori associated with?

Answer 28

Stomach ulcers

Question 29

What is the correct order of the regions of the small intestine?

Answer 29

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 30

During swallowing, what is the function of the Epiglottis?

Answer 30

Close off the opening to the larynx

Question 31

What is the region of the pharynx that is continuous with the esophagus?

Answer 31

Laryngopharynx

Question 32

Where is the liver found?

Answer 32

Right upper quadrant

Question 33

What controls the passage of chyme from the small intestine into the large intestine?

Answer 33

Ileocecal sphincter

Question 34

What produces bile in the liver?

Answer 34

Hepatocytes

Question 35

Which disease is associated with Hep B & C infections?

Answer 35

Cirrhosis

Question 36

Which layer of the alimentary canal contracts in order to mix and move materials through the canal?

Answer 36

The muscular layer

Question 37

Which sphincter separates the stomach from the small intestine?

Answer 37

Esophageal sphincter

Question 38

What are the large intestine segments in order from the small intestine to the rectum?

Answer 38

Cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon

Question 39

Which disease occurs when healthy liver tissue is replaced by nonfunctional scar tissue?

Answer 39

Cirrhosis

Question 40

Which screening test is used to determine the presence of colon polyps and colon cancer?

Answer 40

Colonoscopy

Question 41

What common GI disorder also is known as GERD?

Answer 41

Heartburn

Question 42

Which glands are the largest of the salivary glands?

Answer 42

Parotid

Question 43

The inability to absorb sufficient amounts of water results in what?

Answer 43

Diarrhea

Question 44

What is the area where the esophagus goes through the diaphragm?

Answer 44

Esophageal Hiatus

Question 45

Necessary for vitamin B12 absorption

Answer 45

Intrinsic factor

Question 46

Vitamin needed for blood clotting

Answer 46

Vitamin K

Question 47

Cells within what produce pancreatic juices for digestion

Answer 47

Pancreatic acini

Question 48

The condition of difficult defecation

Answer 48

Constipation

Question 49

What neutralizes acidic chyme in the duodenum?

Answer 49

Bicarbonate Ions

Question 50

What is primarily responsible for most of the nutrient absorption?

Answer 50

Small intestine