Ch 33

Question 1

Metabolic Rates

Answer 1

Aerobic respiration
Rate of O2 consumption
Must account for mass

Question 2

Metabolic adjustments

Answer 2

Hibernation (cold, endo
Topor (warm, endo)
Estibation (warm/dry, ecto)
Brummation (cold, ecto)

Question 3

Ventral cavities

Answer 3

Thoracic and diaphragm protected by ribs

Abdominal and pelvic cavities

Question 4

Dorsal cavities

Answer 4

Cranial cavity and Vertbral canal

Question 5

Animal tissues

Answer 5

Epithelial
Connective (most)
Muscular
Nervous

Question 6

Epithelial Tissue

Answer 6

Covers body, lines body cavities, forms

Basement membrane connects all of this

Question 7

Epithelial glands

Answer 7

Exocrine secretes into duct (enzymes and HCL)

Endocrine secretes blood (hormones and signalling)

Question 8

Epithelial internal function

Answer 8

Thin internal lining
Resp, Dig, Exc, and Circ
Secretes mucus
removes debris
Absorption (kidney/SI)

Question 8

Epithelial external functions

Answer 8

Protect from injury, waterloss, and infection
Temp regulation

Question 9

Classifications of ET

Answer 9

Squamous (flattened)
Cuboidal (ideal shape)
Columnar (rectangular)

Question 10

Squamous

Answer 10

flattened
ET
- Simple (one, used in lungs or blood vessels)
- Stratified (multiple layers, in nose/mouth, esophagus)

Question 11

Cuboidal

Answer 11

Ideal shape
ET
Simple - Kidney tubules [Absorption], Gastric pit [Secretion]

Question 12

Columnar

Answer 12

Rectangular (nucleus near bottom)
ET
Simple - Digestive tract, uterus, small intestines [Absorption]
Pseudostratifed - all cells connected to basement membrane [removed impurities]
Transitional - allows for expansion

Question 13

Connective tissue Functions

Answer 13

Binds organs together
Support and protection
Fills space
Produces blood cells
Stores fat

Fibroblasts (produces collagen, healing) vs Matrix {Separates cells, jellylike fluid)

Question 14

Fibrous Matrix Types

Answer 14

Collagen - is a protein , for strength
- Reticular [thin collagen, highly branched]
- Elastic [stretchy, flexible]

Question 15

Loose/Areolar Connective Tissue

Answer 15

Supports and binds (internal organs)
Protective covering [muscles and nerves over blood vessels]

Allows for expansion

Question 16

Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue

Answer 16

Distinction [high density]
Location - Tendons and Ligaments
Function - Support, stabilization, movement

Question 17

Cartilage

Answer 17

Dense fibrous connective tissue on smooth surfaces that helps with joint movement

Types - Hyaline (common, ex: nose) // Elastic (stretchy, ex: outer ear) // Fibrocartilage (Tension, ex: vertebral disks)

Question 18

Bone

Answer 18

Most rigid Connective Tissue
collagen fibers with blood supply

Compact (outer layer) vs spongy (inner layer)

Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclades

Question 19

Osteoblasts

Answer 19

Bone-laying cells

Question 20

Osteocytes

Answer 20

Trapped in spongy part of bone structure

Question 21

Osteoclades

Answer 21

Breaks down bone

Question 22

Adipose Connective Tissue

Answer 22

Enlarged fibroblasts
Filled with fat beneath the skin and around the heart
Insulation and storage

Question 23

Reticular Connective Tissue

Answer 23

Support network for lymphatic tissues which control fluid build up

Question 24

Blood

Answer 24

Sends signals Composed of plasma, red/white blood cells, platelets Transport and Protection

Question 25

Muscular Tissue

Answer 25

Actin + Myosin microfilaments Muscular contraction Skeletal Muscle - Attaches to tendons - Cable-like - Voluntary control to move body parts

Question 26

Peristalisis

Answer 26

Involuntary control of muscular tissue which consists of a rhythmic squeezing of the digestive systems

Question 27

Cardiac Muscular Tissue

Answer 27

Walls of heart with branching cells Intercalated disc - connects cells end to end and promotes electrical current Location - Heart only [Involuntary movement]

Question 27

Nervous Tissue

Answer 27

Neurons [dendrites, axons, in brain and spinal cord] Neuroglia - Supports neurons Functions - Sensory input, integrate data, motor output

Question 28

Homeostasis

Answer 28

Maintain stable internal steady state [equilibrim] Negative feedback loop

Question 29

Negative Feedback loop

Answer 29

Sensory cells detect temp rising Hypothalamus induces sweat Temp goes back down from evaporative cooling Stimulus is removed when equilibrium is restored

Question 30

Positive Feedback loop

Answer 30

Not as common as Neg Feed. loop Mainly involves female examples [ovulation, lactation, childbirth]