Ch. 4

Question 1

Theory

Answer 1

set of propositions developed to explain what is observed. must be falsifable

Question 2

statistically significant

Answer 2

not likely to have happened by chance

Question 3

clinical significance

Answer 3

whether a relationship between variables is large enough to matter

Question 4

longitudinal design

Answer 4

researcher tests whether causes are present before a disorder has developed

Question 5

cross sectional design

Answer 5

causes and effects are measures at the same point in time

Question 6

high-risk method

Answer 6

only people with a high risk of developing the disorder are tested

Question 7

prevelance

Answer 7

% who have the disorder at some point during their lifetime

Question 8

incidence

Answer 8

% of people who develop new cases over a period of time

Question 9

family method

Answer 9

used to study a genetic predisposition among members of a family

Question 10

index cases/proband

Answer 10

person with the disorder

Question 11

concordance

Answer 11

extent of a predisposition you have to the disorder

Question 12

association study

Answer 12

examine the relationship between a specific allele and a trait of behavior in the population

Question 13

internal validity

Answer 13

the extent to which the experimental effect can be attributed to the independent variable

Question 14

external validity

Answer 14

the extent to which results can be generalized beyond the study

Question 15

analogue experiment

Answer 15

study takes place in a lab

Question 16

single case experimental design

Answer 16

experimenter studies how one person responds to manipulation of the independ variable

Question 17

another name for reversal design

Answer 17

ABAB design

Question 18

steps of a meta-analysis

Answer 18

• decide what studies will be included
• effect size within each study is calculated
• average effect size across studies is calculated

Question 19

effect size

Answer 19

a common scale