Ch 4: A Tour of the Cell Flashcards
Which structure is found in only plant cells, only animal cells, or found in both?
cellulose cell wall central vacuole centriole chloroplast cytoskeleton endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus mitochondrion nucleus plasma membrane
Cellulose cell wall - Plant only central vacuole - Plant only centriole - Animal only chloroplast - both cytoskeleton - both endoplasmic reticulum - both chloroplast - plant only golgi apparatus - both mitochondria - both nucleus - both plasma membrane both
Where in the cell are lipids synthesized?
Smooth ER
What are the 3 main functions of smooth ER?
lipid synthesis
calcium ion storage
drug/poison detoxification
What is the main function of the rough ER?
protein synthesis
Cisternal maturation and protein modification/sorting are associated with which organelle?
Golgi Apparatus
What are 2 functions of lyzosomes?
macromolecule digestion
autophagy(cleaning out damaged cells, in order to regenerate newer cells)
Most proteins that function in the cytosol (such as actin) or in the nucleus (such as DNA polymerase) are synthesized by _____ ribosomes. Proteins that function within the endomembrane system (such as lysosomal enzymes) or those that are destined for secretion from the cell (such as insulin) are synthesized by _____ ribosomes.
free
bound
As a protein destined for the endomembrane system is being synthesized by a ribosome, the first amino acids in the growing polypeptide chain act as a signal sequence. That signal sequence ensures that the ribosome binds to the outer membrane of the ER and that the protein enters the ___ _____
ER Lumen
In eukaryotic flagella, the fibers that slide past one another due to the activity of dynein proteins are ____________
microtubules
Many cell organelles, most notably the nucleus, are anchored by ____________ which are assembled from a diverse class of proteins.
intermediate filaments
Centrosomes are sites where protein dimers assemble into __________
microtubules
The extension of pseudopodia in amoeba is due to the regulated assembly and destruction of ______________
microfilaments
