Ch 4 Epithelium Flashcards

An avascular tissue lining exterior body surfaces and internal cavities. ex: skin (35 cards)

1
Q

Simple Squamous

A
  • -Vascular system-Exchange, barrier sys in CNS
  • Bowman’s capsule-Exchange,lubrication,-
  • Lung spaces-Barrier
  • Body cavities-Exchange
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2
Q

Simple Cuboidal

A
  • Small ducts of exocrine gland-Absorption, conduit
  • Surface of ovary: Barrier
  • Kidney tubules: Absorption,secretory
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3
Q

Simple columnar

A
  • Small intestine and colon: absorption, secretion
  • Stomach lining and gastric glands; secretion
  • Gallbladder: absorption
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4
Q

Pseduostratified

A
  • Trachea/bronchial tree:secretion,conduit
  • ductus deferens: same
  • efferent ductules of epididymis: absorption, conduit
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5
Q

stratified squamous

A
  • epidermis: barrier, protection
  • oral cavity/esophagus-same
  • vagina-same
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6
Q

stratified cuboidal

A
  • sweat gland ducts; barrier conduit
  • large ducts of excocrine glands: same
  • anorectal junction: same
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7
Q

stratified columnar

A
  • largest ducts of exocrine glands: barrier, conduit

- anorectal junction

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8
Q

transitional (urothelium)

A

Renal calyces
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra-Barrier,distensible property

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9
Q

What are 3 types of junction?

A
  1. Tight junctions (Zone occludens, facia occludens)
  2. Adhering, Anchoring junction: Zonula Adherens, Hemidesmosomes, desmosomes
  3. Gap junction
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10
Q

Give Epithelium functions

A
  • secretion
  • absorption
  • transport
  • protection
  • receptor function
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11
Q

Types of multicellular glands

A
  • Simple tubular:large intestine,
  • Simple coiled tubular: Skin, sweat glands
  • Simple branched tubular: Stomach, pylorus, mucous secreting
  • Simple acinar: urethra
  • Compound tubular: duodenum
  • Compound acinar: pancreas, excretory portion
  • Compound tubuloacinar: Submandibular salivary gland
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12
Q

Give 3 basic release mechanisms

A
  1. Merocrine-to apical, vesicle fusion (pancreatic cells). excocytocis
  2. Apocrine: w/ cytoplasm/plasma memb surrounding vesicle (Lactating mammary gland). “Pinching off” of cytoplasm
  3. Holocrine: programmed cell death releases product (sebaceous glands in skin). bulk release of whole cells.
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13
Q

What does epithelium derive from?

A
  1. ectoderm- skin
  2. endoderm - digestive tract
  3. mesoderm - serous linings of body cavities
    - mesothelium
    - lining of circulatory system
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14
Q

Ex of simple squamous

A

pulmonary alveoli, parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule, thin segments of Henle’s loop in kidney, rete testis, inner ear, endothelium of blood and lymph vessels

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15
Q

ex of simple cuboidal

A

-follicles of thyroid, surface of ovary, choroids plexus, capsule of lens, pigment epithelium of retina, ducts of glands

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16
Q

ex of simple columnar:

-ciliated

A
  • epithelium of digestive tract, large excretory ducts of some glands
  • uterus, oviducts, pulmonary bronchi, paranasal sinuses, central canal of spinal cord
17
Q

ex of stratified squamous:

-keratinized

A
  • skin, lining of oral cavity, epiglottis, esophagus, conjunctive and cornea, vagina, distal portion of urethra
  • dry scales, exposed surfaces, lose nucleas,
18
Q

ex stratified columnar epithelium:

-ciliated

A
  • fornix of conjunctiva, cavernous urethra, pharynx, small areas of anal mucous membranes, large excretory ducts of salivary glands
  • nasal surface of soft palate, larynx, fetal esophagusu
19
Q

ex of pseudostratified:

-ciliated

A
  • male urethra, excretory duct of parotid gland

- trachea, primary bronchii, auditory tubes, part of tympanic membrane, lacrimal sac

20
Q

ex of transitional (uroepithelium)

A

-urinary bladder:
empty-many layers, distended-2 layers

-urinary tract-renal calyxes of urethra

21
Q

Tight of occluding junctions:

  • zonula occludens
  • fascia occludens
A

-partitioning function of connecting ridges that occlude intercellular space; selective seal

  • continuous belt-like, made up of integral membrane proteins, selective diffusion barrier
    • actin filaments
      - occludens

-interrupted tight junctions, strip or band-shaped ex endothelial cells of blood vessels
-

22
Q

Adhering or Anchoring junctions:

  1. Zonula adherens or adhesion belt
  2. Macula adherens or Desmosomes
  3. Gap Junctions
A
  1. -below zonula occludens
    • “terminal bars together with occludens
    • slight e- dense material contain adhesion domains of cell membrane glycoproteins
    • major site of anchorage of microfilaments
    • lateral adhesion
    • cadherin-catehin complex + vinculin & alpha-actinin -> actin filaments
    • calcium-dependent
  2. -circular and spot-like
    • separate plaques arranged in row
    • convergence of intermediate filaments by attachment plaques
    • transmembrane linker glycoproteins bind adj identical molecules of neighboring cell-strong cell-to-cell adhesion (cahedrin zipper)
    • wider intercellular space
    • Hemidesmosomes: half of desmo, anchor keratin-containing filaments to underlying basement membrane
  3. permits passage of ions and small molecules to diffuse freely between cells
    - reduce resistance to passage of electric current
    - 2 Connexons in each channel- hexonally packed annular units, cylindrical, dumbbell-shaped, made of 6 connexins
23
Q

Lateral Interdigitating

A

increase surface area, engaged in fluid and electrolyte transport

24
Q

Basement membrane

  • define
  • consists of
  • zones
  • function

-structures for attachment to connective tiss

A
  • thin supporting layer bet epithelium and underlying connective tissue
  • type IV collagen, laminin, proteoglycans, entactin & fibronectin
  • lamina lucida and densa
    • lamina propria-the connective tiss layer of mucous membrane.
  • support epithelium, passive molecular sieve or ultrafilter, repair tissue, compartmentalization
  • reticular fibers underlies basal lamina
  • Anchoring fibrils, fibrilin microfibrils, discrete projects of the lamina dense
25
Classifying Exocrine glands
1. Duct arrangement: - Simple-unbranched - Compound-branched 2. Shape of Secretory units: - tubular - alveolar or acinar - tubuloalveolar - saccular 3. Type of secretion - Serous - Mucous - Mixed: (bulk-mucous glands, serous demilunes) 4. Secretory Mechanism - merocrine - holocrine - apopcrine
26
Simple Exocrine Glands
- Simple tubular: straight tubules, (-) duc, - Simple coiled tubular: Coiled: - Simple branched tubular: bifurcate w/ short - Simple acinar: bulbous or bottle-shaped
27
Compound Exocrine Glands
- Compound tubular: Tubules more or less coiled - Compound acinar: bulbous, pear-shaped terminals - Compound tubuloacinar: short tubules, have a number of acini along their sides and blind end
28
Example of Unicellular glands
Goblet cells, surface lining, glands of intestines, and respiratory tract
29
Derivatives of Ectoderm
1. Surface - epidermis, hair, nails, cutaneous, mammary glands - ant pit glands - enamel of teeth - internal ear - corneal epithelium, lens of eye 2. Neuroectoderm - neural crest: cranial/sensory gang & nerves, adrenal medulla, melanocytes, pharyngeal arch cartilages, head mesenchyme, Schwann cells - neural tube: CNS, retina, pineal body, post pit gland
30
Mesoderm derivatives
- muscles of trunk and skeleton except skull - dermis of skin - connective tissue - skull, dentin Epithelium - urogenital system including gonads, ducts, and accessory glands - connective tissue and muscle of viscera and limbs Mesothelium -serous membranes of pleura, pericardium, peritoneum Endothelium - blood and lymph cells - cardiovascular and lymphatic systems - spleen
31
Derivatives of Endoderm
Respiratory - trachea - bronchi - lungs Alimentary canal -GI tract Extramural digestive gland - liver - pancreas - urachus - pharynx -thyroid gland Auditory tubes - tympanic cavity - pharyngotympanic tube - tonsils - parathyroid glands
32
Microvili Free surface (striated border-more highly ordered/uniform-intestines or brush border-kidney)
-slender, finger-like, cylindrical membrane bound cell processes. -core of actin filaments in association w/ myosin I, that binds them to plasma memb of microvillus. -anchored to vilin tip -supported by Terminal Web underneath, made of spectrin, myosin II, tropomyosin for contractile ability. -cross-linking bundle of 25-35 actin filaments of proteins fascin and fimbrin * 1-2 um long, 80-90 nm diameter * glycocalyx-delicate branching filaments along luminal surface; terminal oligosaccharides of integral membrane proteins * increase digestive and absorptive effieciency of epithelium
33
Stereocilia Free Surface
- tuft of long, slender processes - nonmotile - core bundles of actin microfilament, cross-linked by fimbrin. - anchors to plasma membrane of stereocilia by erzin - stem cross-bridging of alpha-actinin - Function: -limited to epididymis, absorption - ear hair cells, sensory
34
Kinocilia/Cillia Free surface
-specialized for transport of fluid or mucus along epithelial surfaces -axoneme-core complex of longitudinal microtubules -center: 2 single microtubules -periphery: 9 doublet microtubules (in one doublet, cilary dynein is attached on A-microtubule then connects to B-microtubule of adjacent doublet, then bound by nexin-uses ATP) -base: basal body of nine short microtubule triplets -7-10 um length, 0.2 cm diameter
35
Flagella Free Surface
- similar to cilia | - 15-200 um