Ch 4 - Human Dev Pt 1

Question 1

What is the age range for the Formal Operational Stage according to Piaget?

Answer 1

Age 11/12 to adulthood

Question 2

What kind of reasoning is developed during the Formal Operational Stage?

Answer 2

Hypothetical and abstract reasoning

Question 3

Define adolescent egocentrism.

Answer 3

A belief that everyone is focused on oneself

Question 4

What is the imaginary audience phenomenon?

Answer 4

The belief that everyone is judging you

Question 5

What does the personal fable refer to?

Answer 5

The belief that one is unique and invincible

Question 6

What is Theory of Mind?

Answer 6

An understanding of one’s own and others’ mental states

Question 7

At what age can children typically succeed in a false-belief task?

Answer 7

Around age 4/5

Question 8

What is egocentrism in the Preoperational Stage?

Answer 8

Inability to perceive things from another’s viewpoint

Question 9

Define irreversibility in the context of cognitive development.

Answer 9

Inability to envision reversing order when manipulating objects or symbols

Question 10

What does conservation refer to in cognitive development?

Answer 10

Understanding that properties remain the same despite changes in appearance

Question 11

What age range does the Preoperational Stage cover?

Answer 11

2 to 7 years of age

Question 12

What is the focus of the Sensorimotor Stage?

Answer 12

Motor abilities and sensory experiences

Question 13

What is object permanence?

Answer 13

Understanding that objects exist even when out of sight

Question 14

How many stages are there in Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development?

Answer 14

Four stages

Question 15

What is assimilation in Piaget’s theory?

Answer 15

Incorporating new experiences into existing mental structures

Question 16

What is accommodation in Piaget’s theory?

Answer 16

Modifying existing mental structures to adapt to new experiences

Question 17

Who is the theorist associated with Cognitive Development?

Answer 17

Jean Piaget

Question 18

What is the focus of Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development?

Answer 18

Development of social competencies across eight stages

Question 19

What is the first stage of Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory?

Answer 19

Trust vs. Mistrust (Birth to 12 months)

Question 20

What age range corresponds to the stage of Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt?

Answer 20

1-3 Years

Question 21

What is the main characteristic of the Conventional Morality stage?

Answer 21

Societal rules are internalized

Question 22

What is the focus of the Postconventional Morality stage?

Answer 22

Based on personally constructed moral principles

Question 23

What are the three levels of moral reasoning according to Kohlberg?

Answer 23

• Preconventional Morality * Conventional Morality * Postconventional Morality

Question 24

What is temperament?

Answer 24

Early-emerging and long-lasting individual differences in emotional reactions

Question 25

What percentage of infants are classified as having an 'Easy' temperament?

Answer 25

40%

Question 26

What is the main characteristic of Secure attachment style?

Answer 26

Uses caregiver as a secure base for exploration

Question 27

What is a key characteristic of Insecure-Avoidant attachment style?

Answer 27

Indifferent toward their caregiver

Question 28

How can attachment styles be assessed?

Answer 28

Using Mary Ainsworth’s strange situation paradigm

Question 29

What is the Zone of Proximal Development?

Answer 29

A concept from Vygotsky indicating the difference between what a learner can do without help and what they can do with help

Question 30

True or False: Piaget's theory focuses on what children could do.

Answer 30

False

Question 31

What is a significant limitation of Piaget's theory?

Answer 31

Didn’t address the role of social influences

Question 32

What is the age range for the Concrete Operational Stage?

Answer 32

7 to 11/12 years of age

Question 33

What is one ability that increases during the Concrete Operational Stage?

Answer 33

Understanding cause and effect

Question 34

What is the emotional development aspect of temperament?

Answer 34

It is stable across situations and time but influenced by environment

Question 35

What does the term 'social scaffolding' refer to?

Answer 35

Support provided by others to help a learner accomplish tasks