Ch 4 - Infection Control

Question 1

an infection or growth of a microorganism in the body that causes disease

Answer 1

infection

Question 2

when resident flora found all over the surface of the body cause an infection, they are referred to as ____ _____

Answer 2

opportunistic microorganisms

Question 3

infectious organisms

Answer 3

pathogens

Question 4

infectious agents found in the hospital are often ___ virulent and resistant to treatment than organisms found at large in the community

Answer 4

more

Question 5

more virulent hospital pathogens are called

Answer 5

HAIs

Question 6

HAIs

Answer 6

hospital acquired infections

Question 7

HAIs are also called ______ infections

Answer 7

nonsocomial

Question 8

BBP

Answer 8

blood-borne pathogens

Question 9

• percutaneous injury via needle puncture
• contact of mucous membranes via splashes or touching
• contact of nonintact skin via splashes or contact with contaminated gloves/hands
• human bite
• contact with equipment or lab instruments contaminated with body fluid
• droplet transmission

These are all ways to get contact with ____ _____

Answer 9

blood-borne pathogens

Question 10

the 3 primary elements of the chain of infection

Answer 10

reservoir, mode of transmission, and susceptible host

Question 11

the two sources of infection

Answer 11

person, fomite

Question 12

an object that is a source of infection

Answer 12

fomite

Question 13

reservoir

Answer 13

source of infection

Question 14

means by which the infectious agent leaves the host

Answer 14

method of escape

Question 15

means by which the infectious agent enters the host, resulting in infection or colonization

Answer 15

method of entry

Question 16

contact
droplet
airborne
common vehicle
vector

These are the 5 means by which

Answer 16

infectious agents can spread

Question 17

two types of contact transmission

Answer 17

direct, indirect

Question 18

the most frequent and important transmission route for healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)

Answer 18

contact transmission

Question 19

transfer of organisms from an infected person directly to a susceptible host by physical contact

Answer 19

direct contact transmission

Question 20

contact between a susceptible host and a fomite

Answer 20

indirect contact transmission

Question 21

particles are generated from the source by coughing, sneezing, or talking and transmitted

Answer 21

droplet transmission

Question 22

_____ transmission is usually for only a brief time and within a short distance (about 3 feet) from the source

Answer 22

droplet

Question 23

______ transmission involves droplet nuclei smaller than 5 μm or dust particles generated by sneezing, coughing, singing, or talking

Answer 23

airborne

Question 24

____ ____ can be transported long distances and cause disease when inhaled

Answer 24

droplet nuclei

Question 25

HEPA filter

Answer 25

high-efficiency particulate air

Question 26

special ventilation and high-efficiency particulate air filters are needed to prevent _____ transmission

Answer 26

airborne

Question 27

Which type of transmission involves a common source that can cause multiple cases of infection?

Answer 27

common vehicle transmission

Question 28

E. coli is an example of which type of transmission?

Answer 28

common vehicle transmission

Question 29

organisms that carry infectious agents but are not harmed by them

Answer 29

vector

Question 30

arthropods such as ticks, mosquitoes, and mites are examples of ____

Answer 30

vectors

Question 31

practice good hand hygiene use PPE isolating patients with infectious diseases using Standard Precautions These are ways to break the chain of infection between ___ and ___

Answer 31

source, host

Question 32

the most important means of preventing the spread of infection and antibiotic-resistant microorganisms

Answer 32

hand hygiene

Question 33

PPE

Answer 33

Personal Protective Equipment

Question 34

barriers and respirators used to protect skin, mucous membranes, and clothing from contact with infectious agents

Answer 34

personal protective equipment

Question 35

1) hand hygiene 2) gown 3) mask, respirator, goggles, or face shield 4) put on gloves What are these the steps for?

Answer 35

putting on PPE

Question 36

1) gown and gloves 2) hand hygiene 3) goggles/face shield 4) mask or respirator What steps are these for?

Answer 36

taking off PPE

Question 37

infection control measures that use barrier protection and work practice controls to prevent contact between skin or mucous membranes and blood, other bodily fluids, and tissues

Answer 37

Standard Precautions

Question 38

OSHA

Answer 38

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Question 39

the regulatory enforcement agency for employee health and safety

Answer 39

OSHA

Question 40

OSHA's ____ _____ standard is a regulation approved in 1992 to protect healthcare workers from infection

Answer 40

bloodborne pathogen

Question 41

____ ___ measures separate an infection source from susceptible hosts that can protect employees, visitors, and all patients

Answer 41

isolation control

Question 42

_____ isolation protects an immunocompromised patients

Answer 42

reverse

Question 43

____ __ isolation precautions are used for all patients in the hospital without regard for diagnosis or infection status

Answer 43

Tier 1

Question 44

___ __ isolation precautions are used for transmission-based precautions (TBP), which are used for patients known to be or suspected of being infected with a transmissible pathogen

Answer 44

Tier 2

Question 45

____ precautions used for patients known or suspected to have a disease transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei

Answer 45

airborne

Question 46

an example of a disease requiring airborne precautions

Answer 46

tuberculosis

Question 47

example of diseases requiring droplet precautions

Answer 47

meningitis, pneumonia

Question 48

hepatitis A, herpes, and MRSA are examples of diseases requiring ____ precautions

Answer 48

contact