Ch 4 Intro to LEVs

Question 1

What is a deep vein?

Answer 1

Vein that is a companion vessel to an artery + travels within the deep muscular part of the leg

Question 2

What is a perforating vein?

Answer 2

Small vein that connects the deep + superficial venous systems

Question 3

What is a superficial vein?

Answer 3

Vein that is superior to the muscular parts of the leg + does NOT have a companion artery

Question 4

The EIA becomes the ___ artery?

Answer 4

CFA

Question 5

The CFA divides into what 2 arteries?

Answer 5

Superficial femoral + profunda femoris artery (aka deep femoral artery)

Question 6

The superficial FA becomes the ___ artery?

Answer 6

Popliteal

(this artery courses behind the knee in the popliteal fossa)

Question 7

Where is the profunda femoris/deep FA located compared to the superficial FA?

Answer 7

Posterior + lateral

Question 8

The popliteal artery bifurcates into what in the upper calf?

Answer 8

Anterior tibial artery + tibial-peroneal trunk

Question 9

What does the tibial-peroneal trunk bifurcate into?

Answer 9

Posterior tibial + peroneal arteries

Question 10

The anterior tibial artery becomes the ___ artery at the ankle?

Answer 10

Dorsalis pedis artery

Question 11

The posterior tibial artery becomes the ___ arteries?

Answer 11

Medial + lateral planter arteries

Question 12

The arteries of the foot include the ___ ___?

Answer 12

Plantar arch - the metatarsal arteries arise off the plantar arch, which then divide into the digital arteries

(plantar arch = metatarsal arteries = digital arteries)

Question 13

Many of the collaterals that bypass the superficial femoral or popliteal artery occlusions arise from the ___ ___ artery?

Answer 13

Profunda FA

(the lateral circumflex FA can also act as a collateral)

Question 14

The veins of the leg have both ___ + ___ systems?

Answer 14

Deep + superficial

Question 15

The superficial venous system includes which veins?

Answer 15

The reticular veins, GSV (medial), SSV (posteriorly up calf) + their tributaries

Question 16

What is the longest vein in the body?

Answer 16

GSV

Question 17

The GSV terminates + empties into the CFV at which junction?

Answer 17

The saphenofemoral junction

Question 18

The SSV terminates + drains into the popliteal vein at what junction in 70% of people?

Answer 18

The saphenopopliteal function

Question 19

How many variations are there for SSV termination?

Answer 19

4 (they all have to do with the location of the popliteal vein, medial gastrocnemis veins + SSV)

Question 20

The deep venous system in the lower extremity includes?

Answer 20

Anterior + posterior tibial vein, peroneal vein, popliteal vein + femoral veins

Question 21

The plantar veins in the foot unite to form the paired ___ ___ veins?

Answer 21

Posterior tibial veins (runs with the PT artery)

Question 22

The paired peroneal veins ascend up the calf with the ___ ___?

Answer 22

Peroneal artery

Question 23

Two-thirds up the calf the peroneal veins join the posterior tibial veins to form the ___ ___?

Answer 23

Tibio-peroneal trunk

Question 24

The ATVs unite with the tibio-peroneal trunk veins to form the ___ vein?

Answer 24

Popliteal vein

Question 25

The popliteal vein lies medial or lateral to the popliteal artery?

Answer 25

Medial

Question 26

Above the adductor canal, the PV becomes the ___ vein?

Answer 26

FV (which runs beside the superficial FA to the groin)

Question 27

The deep/profunda femoral vein + femoral veins unite to form the ___ ___ vein?

Answer 27

CFV

Question 28

The CFV becomes the ___ ___ vein as it crosses the inguinal ligament?

Answer 28

External iliac vein

Question 29

Contraction of the calf muscles can generate pressures greater than ___ mm Hg?

Answer 29

200 (this forces blood upward back towards the heart in both deep + superficial veins)

Question 30

With the calf muscle pump, which veins have their valves closed to prevent reflux or retrograde flow?

Answer 30

The perforating veins (closed at rest + contraction, open during relaxation)

Question 31

What are primary varicose veins?

Answer 31

Varicose veins that develop in the absence of a DVT

Question 32

What m/c causes primary varicose veins?

Answer 32

Incompetent valves in the CFV + GSV (the calf muscle pump still works, except it causes blood to fall back down via the superficial veins)

Question 33

What are secondary varicose veins?

Answer 33

Varicose veins that develop due to chronic post thrombotic changes (post DVT) (the deep, superficial + perforating veins are incompetent, causing blood to go distally)

Question 34

Which veins may function as collaterals when secondary varicose veins are present?

Answer 34

The superficial veins

Question 35

How does venous stasis ulcers occur?

Answer 35

-Increased venous pressure (venous hypertension) causes distention + pressure of capillaries -This causes an opening b/w the endothelial cells in the capillary walls -Plasma proteins move out + into the tissue -Fibrin formation around the capillaries decreases O2 transfer + causes tissue ischemia, which causes ulceration

Question 36

Why do varicose veins form during pregnancy?

Answer 36

-B/c the IVC + iliac veins can become compressed due to the enlarged uterus when lying supine (m/c 3rd trimester) -Hormonal factors cause veins to be more compliant -Pregnancy does not cause them, the increased venous pressure + distension does Increased pressure + compliant veins = venous distension + decreased velocity of return flow to heart