Ch. 4 Leadership, Quality Improvement and Safety, Practice Inquiry and Health Policy

Question 1

Team Leadership Model: Decision 1

Answer 1

Should the leader monitor the team or take action?

Question 2

Team Leadership Model: Decision 2

Answer 2

Should the leader intervene to meet the task or relational need?

Question 3

Team Leadership Model: Decision 3

Answer 3

Should the leader intervene internally or externally?

Question 4

conflict resolution:

Answer 4

directed by a neutral third party who facilitates a “win-win” situation

Question 5

mediation:

Answer 5

voluntary and confidential process in which a third party facilitates discussion to reach an agreement

Question 6

arbitration:

Answer 6

process in which a third party reviews evidence from both sides and makes a decision to settle the case

Question 7

negotiation:

Answer 7

discussion among two or more people w/ the goal of reaching an agreement

Question 8

conflict:

Answer 8

occurs when a person believes his or her needs, interests, or values are incompatible w/ others

Question 9

professional civility:

Answer 9

behavior that shows respect towards another person

Question 10

critical thinking:

Answer 10

acquisition of knowledge w/ an attitude of deliberate inquiry

Question 11

evidence-based practice:

Answer 11

integration of the best research evidence w/ clinical expertise and client values and needs

Question 12

research utilization process (4):

Answer 12

-critique research
-synthesize the findings
-apply the findings
-measure the outcomes

Question 13

PICO stands for:

Answer 13

P= patient, population of pts, problem
I= intervention
C= comparison (another tx, therapy, placebo)
O= outcome
and T for timeframe

Question 14

internal validity:

Answer 14

the independent variable (treatment) caused a change in the dependent variable (outcome)

Question 15

external validity:

Answer 15

the sample is representative of the population and the results can be generalized

Question 16

descriptive statistics

Answer 16

used to describe the basic features of the data in the study
exp: mean, standard deviation, variance

Question 17

True or False: the larger the variance, the larger the dispersion of scores

Answer 17

True

Question 18

inferential statistics:

Answer 18

numerical values that enable one to reach conclusions that extend beyond the immediate data alone

Question 19

t test:

Answer 19

assess whether the means of two groups are statistically different from each other

Question 20

analysis of variance (ANOVA):

Answer 20

tests differences among 3 or more groups

Question 21

Pearson’s correlation:

Answer 21

tests relationship between 2 variables

Question 22

probability:

Answer 22

likelihood of an event occurring; lies between 0 and 1
impossible event= 0
certain event = 1

Question 23

P value:

Answer 23

level of significance, probability of a particular result occurring by chance alone

Question 24

True or False: If P = .01, there is a 1% probability of obtaining a result by chance alone

Answer 24

True

Question 25

institutional review boards (IRBs) ensure that

Answer 25

overall, the rights and welfare of human research participants are protected, and has authority to approve, require modifications, or disapprove of any research activities

Question 26

Institute of Medicine's quality aims (6):

Answer 26

-safe -effective -client-centered -timely -efficient -equitable

Question 27

Donabedian model (3):

Answer 27

-structure -process -outcome

Question 28

PDSA cycle:

Answer 28

Plan: plan the change Do: carry out plan Study: examine results Act: decide what actions will improve the process

Question 29

types of conflict of interest (4)

Answer 29

-relationships w/ pharmaceutical, medical supply, or insurance companies -money, gifts in kind -referrals -fee splitting

Question 30

rights of clients (3)

Answer 30

-confidentiality -least restrictive tx -give consent/ withdraw consent at any time

Question 31

4 components of health policy:

Answer 31

Process: formulation, implementation, and eval Policy reform: changes in programs and practices Policy environment: arena the process takes place in (gov, media, public) Policy makers: key players and stakeholders

Question 32

Branches of law (3):

Answer 32

Executive (implement law) Legislative (initial formulation) Judicial (interpret law)

Question 33

what is the highest level of evidence in literature when evaluating quantitative research?

Answer 33

an RCT

Question 34

what is the first step the PMHNP should complete to begin the system change process?

Answer 34

conduct a systemic needs assessment of the orginization

Question 35

what model or framework can the PMHNP use to guide their quality improvement project (2)?

Answer 35

Donabedian model and PDSA cycle