ch 40

Question 1

organisms cells must exchange

Answer 1

nutrients and wastes across a cell membrane

Question 2

what surfaces provide larger surface area for exchange

Answer 2

branched or folded surfaces

Question 3

benefits of being large

Answer 3

large skeleton, sensory organs, gastrointestinal organs, filtration systems

Question 3

what does a large skeleton provide

Answer 3

protects against predators and allows for locomotion

Question 4

what does sensory organs provide

Answer 4

information abt surroundings

Question 5

function of gastrointestinal organs

Answer 5

break down and absorb food and specialized cells store energy

Question 6

filtration systemsadjust?

Answer 6

adjust composition of fluids

Question 7

what is the body plan hierarchy

Answer 7

cells- tissues-organs-organ systems-body

Question 8

structure of epithelial tissue

Answer 8

cells are tightly packed and form thin sheets

Question 9

functions of epithelial tissue

Answer 9

protection, secretion, absorption and selectively permeable barrier

Question 10

basal epithelial

Answer 10

basal side is attatched to basal lamina, which is attathced on top of underlying tissue

Question 11

apical epithelial

Answer 11

apical side of cell faces the lumen ( cavity) or outside of organ

Question 12

what is simple columnar epithelium

Answer 12

lines intestines, involved in secretion and absorption

Question 13

what is simple squamous epithelium

Answer 13

lines air sacs in lungs and blood vessels, facilitates diffusion

Question 14

what is stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 14

skin and other tissues need constant replacement

Question 15

structure of connective tissue

Answer 15

few cells, extracellular matrix

Question 16

location and function of connective tissue

Answer 16

all over, structural protection and support

Question 17

what is loose connective tissue

Answer 17

holds organs in place

Question 18

what is fibrous connective tissue

Answer 18

tendons and ligaments

Question 19

what is adipose tissue

Answer 19

stores fat and provides insulation and protection and energy

Question 20

what is structural connective tissue

Answer 20

bone and cartilage

Question 21

what is bone

Answer 21

living cells embedded in a matrix offers protection, support and movement

Question 22

what is cartilage

Answer 22

living cells embedded in a rubbery matrix, offers flexible support

Question 23

where does blood reside

Answer 23

in a plasma

Question 24

function of RBCs

Answer 24

carry oxygen from the lungs and deliver it throughout our body.

Question 25

function of WBCs

Answer 25

help the body fight infection and other diseases

Question 26

what are defense cells

Answer 26

large cells that reside in other connective tissues and work with immune systems

Question 27

what does a mast cell ( type of defense cell) help

Answer 27

inflammation

Question 28

what does a macrophage help

Answer 28

phagocytosis

Question 29

muscle tissue

Answer 29

aids in contraction for movement

Question 30

location of muscle tissue

Answer 30

attatched to skeleton, heart, and walls of hollow organs

Question 31

structure of nervous tissue

Answer 31

large cells ( neurons) that can depolarize, small supporting cells

Question 33

what is the nervous system

Answer 33

a complex network of nerves.that have a specific pathway with rapid response

Question 34

what is the endocrine system

Answer 34

tissues that create and release hormone and has gradual change

Question 35

difference between nervous and endocrine system

Answer 35

signals travels to a specific location in nervous system while endocrine's system signal travels everywhere

Question 36

what is homeostasis

Answer 36

maintaining relatively constant internal environment

Question 37

what is a circadian rhythm

Answer 37

at night a horomone called melatonin is released signaling the night

Question 38

what is acclimatization

Answer 38

adjustment to external environment

Question 39

what are conformers

Answer 39

allows body to match their enviornemnt, eg temp

Question 40

what are regulators

Answer 40

set their body state

Question 41

what is an endotherm

Answer 41

humans and mamals are endothermic, meaning they are warmed mostly by heat generated through metabolism

Question 42

what is an ectotherm

Answer 42

those that gain heat from external sources, eg reptiles

Question 43

are ectothermy and endothermy mutually exclusive

Answer 43

no they are not, bcs a bird is endothermic but can warm itself by the sun as well

Question 44

3 types of muscle tissue

Answer 44

cariad, striated, and smooth

Question 45

Insects are made of ONLY

Answer 45

striated muscle