Ch. 40 Flashcards Preview

Pharmacology > Ch. 40 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Ch. 40 Deck (11)
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1
Q

Oxycodone

A
  • opioid similar to morphine
  • intended as controlled-released drug
  • abusers crush tablet
  • snort powder or dissolve in water for IV
  • entire dose absorbed immediately with high risk of death
2
Q

Meperidine

A
  • nurses and HCp who abuse opioids often select meperidine
  • highly effective in oral route
  • minimal effect on smooth muscle: fewer problems with constipation and urinary retention
3
Q

Tolerance and Physical Dependence

A
  • prolonged use
  • effects for which tolerance develops and does not develop
  • cross-tolerance
  • physical dependence: long-term use; abstinence syndrome; acute phase and second phase
4
Q

Treatment of Acute Toxicity

A
  • triad of symptoms and treatment

- resp. depression; coma; pinpoint; Naloxone (careful titration)

5
Q

Opioid Detoxification

A
  • clonidine-assisted withdrawl
  • centrally acting alpha2-adrenergic agonist
  • most effective against symptoms related to autonomic hyperactivity (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
  • provides modest relief from muscle aches, restlessness, anixety, and insomnia
  • does not diminish opioid craving
6
Q

Ultrarapid Withdrawl

A
  • admin of naloxone or natlrexone
  • withdrawl process accelerated
  • ultrarapid procedure: general anesthesia or heavy sedation with IV midazolam
  • in both procedures, clonidine may be added to ease symptoms
  • no more effective than standard withdrawl techniques
  • considerably more expensive
7
Q

Detoxification

A
  • methadone substituation: long-lasting oral opioid; most commonly used agent; approx. 10 days
  • Buprenorphine: substituted for opioid the addict is physically dependent on
  • prevents symptoms of withdrawl
8
Q

Drugs for Long-Term Opioid Addiction

A
  • 3 groups of meds
  • Methadone: maintenance and supressive therapy
  • buprenorphine: maintenance therapy and detox facilitation
  • Naltrexone: discourges renewed opioid abuse
9
Q

Sequelae of Compulsive Opioid Use

A
  • few direct detrimental effects
  • Individuals on methadone maintenance can be successful socially and at work
  • indirect hazards: Septicemia, cellulitis, abscesses, endocarditis, tuberculosis, hep C, HIV, and foreign body emboli
  • accidental overdose
10
Q

Therapeutic Use of Marijuana

A
  • approved uses for cannabinoids
  • unapprovaed uses for cannabinoids
  • medical research on marijuana
  • legal status of medial marijuana
  • synthetic marijuana
11
Q

Weed VS Alcohol

A
  • aggressive behaviour is rare
  • less loss of judgemnt
  • increased appetite; fewer problems with nutritional deficiencies
  • wedd produces increased toxic psychosis, dissociative phenomena, and paranoia, more so than alcohol does