Ch. 41: Diuretics Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Ch. 41: Diuretics Deck (6)
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1
Q

Furosemide (lasix)

A
  • most frequently prescribed loop diuretic
  • acts on ascending loop to block reabsorption
  • for pulmonary edema, edematous states, and hypertension
  • adverse effects: dehydration, hypokalemia, ototoxicity, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, impact lipids/calcium, and magnesium metabolism
  • interactions: digoxin, ototxic drugs, K+ sparing diuretics, lithium, antihypertensive agents, and NSAIDs
2
Q

Thiazides

A
  • increase renal excretion of sodium, cholride, K+ and water
  • elevate levels of uric acid and glucose
  • max diuresis is considerably lower than with loop diurettics
  • not effective when urine flow is scant (unlike loop)
3
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL)

A
  • early segment DVT
  • for hypertension and edema, diabetes insipidus
  • adverse effects: dehydration, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperuricemia, impacts lipid, calcium and magnesium
  • interactions: digoxin, augments effect of hypertensive meds; reduce renal excretion of lithium; NSAIDs may blunt diuretic effect
4
Q

K+-Sparing Diuretics

A
  • modest increase in urine production and substantial decrease in K+ excretion
  • rarely used alone
  • aldosterone anatagonist: Spironolactone
  • Nonaldosterone anatgonist: Triameterene
5
Q

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

A
  • blocks aldosterone in distal nephron, retention of K+ and increased excretion of Na+
  • uses: hypertension, edematous states, heart failure, primary hyperaldosteronism, PMS syndrmoe, acne
  • adverse: hyperkalemia, benign and malignant tumors, and edocrine effects
  • interactions: thiazide and loop diuretics; agents that raise K+ levels
6
Q

Osmotic Diuretic: Mannitol

A
  • promotes diuresis by creating osmotic force within lumen of the nephron
  • drug must be given parenterally
  • uses: prophalyaxis of renal failure, reduction of intracranial pressure and intraocular pressure
  • adverse effects: edema, headache, N/V, fluid and electrolyte imbalance