Ch. 40 Population Ecology And Distribution Of Animals

Question 0

Concern with the biosphere or global ecosystem which is the sum of all the planets ecosystems

Answer 0

Global ecology

Question 1

The scientific study of the interactions between organisms and the environment

Answer 1

Ecology

Question 2

Focuses on the exchanges of energy materials and organisms across multiple ecosystems

Answer 2

Landscape ecology

Question 3

A mosaic of connected ecosystems

Answer 3

Landscape

Question 4

Emphasizes energy flowing chemical cycling among the various biotic and abiotic components

Answer 4

Ecosystem ecology

Question 5

Deals with the whole array of interacting species in a community

Answer 5

Community ecology

Question 6

Focuses on factors affecting population size overtime

Answer 6

Population ecology

Question 7

Studies how an organism structure physiology and behavior meet environmental challenges

Answer 7

Organismal ecology

Question 8

The long-term prevailing weather conditions in an area

Answer 8

Climate

Question 9

What are four major abiotic components of climate

Answer 9

Temperature precipitation sunlight and wind

Question 10

Factors are the nonliving chemical and physical attributes of the environment

Answer 10

Abiotic

Question 11

The other organisms that make up the living component of the environment

Answer 11

Biotic factors

Question 12

Consists of patterns on the global regional in landscape level

Answer 12

Microclimate

Question 13

What are global climate patterns determined largely by

Answer 13

Solar energy and the planets movement in space

Question 14

Caused by the curved shape of the earth

Answer 14

Latitudinal variation in sunlight intensity

Question 15

How are global air circulation and precipitation patterns initiated

Answer 15

By intentional radiation near the equator

Question 16

Blow east to west in the tropics

Answer 16

Trade winds

Question 17

Blowy west to east in temperate zones

Answer 17

Westerlies

Question 18

What is Climate affected by

Answer 18

Seasonality large bodies of water and mountains

Question 19

What is seasonality of high latitudes caused by

Answer 19

The tilt of the earth’s axis of rotation and it’s in you will pass it around the sun

Question 20

Major life zones characterized by vegetation tape or physical environment

Answer 20

Biomes

Question 21

Plots the temperature and precipitation in a region

Answer 21

Climograph

Question 22

Often named for major physical or climatic factors and for vegetation

Answer 22

Terrestrial biomes

Question 23

Area of intergradation

Answer 23

Ecotone

Question 24

Account for the largest part of the biosphere in terms of area

Answer 24

Aquatic biomes

Question 25

Among the most productive habitats on earth

Answer 25

Wetlands and estuaries

Question 26

Inundated by water at least sometimes and support plants adopted to water saturated soil

Answer 26

Wetlands

Question 27

Transition area between river and sea salinity varies with the rise and fall of the tides

Answer 27

Estuary

Question 28

Nutrient poor and generally oxygen-rich Lakes

Answer 28

Oligotrophic lakes

Question 29

Nutrient rich and often depleted of oxygen if ice covered in winter More surface area relative to depth

Answer 29

Eutrophic Lakes

Question 30

Shallow well lighted close to shore zone of ocean

Answer 30

Littoral zone

Question 31

Waters too deep to support routed aquatic plants the primary producers are phytoplankton

Answer 31

Limnetic zone

Question 32

Can lead to algal blooms oxygen depletion and fish kill

Answer 32

Human induced nutrient enrichment

Question 33

Have varying environmental conditions from headwater to mouth

Answer 33

Streams and rivers

Question 34

Periodically submerged and exposed by the tides

Answer 34

Intertidal zone

Question 35

Formed from the calcium carbonate skeletons of corals

Answer 35

Coral reefs

Question 36

Constantly mixed by wind driven ocean currents

Answer 36

Oceanic pelagic zone

Question 37

Largest area of primary reproduction

Answer 37

Oceanic pelagic zone

Question 38

Consists of the seafloor

Answer 38

Marina benthic zone

Question 39

Consist of the photic and aphotic zone's

Answer 39

Pelagic zone

Question 40

The organic and inorganic sediment at the bottom of all aquatic zones

Answer 40

Benthic zone

Question 41

The communities of organisms in the benthic zone are collectively called

Answer 41

Benthos

Question 42

The movement of individuals away from centers of high population density or from their area of origin

Answer 42

Dispersal

Question 43

Important environmental factors in distribution of organisms

Answer 43

Temperature and availability of water and oxygen

Question 44

Affects the water balance of organisms through osmosis

Answer 44

Salinity

Question 45

The energy source for photosynthetic organisms

Answer 45

Sunlight

Question 46

Characteristics of rocks and soil that limit the distribution of plants and thus the animals that feed on them

Answer 46

Physical structure pH mineral composition

Question 47

Number of individuals per-unit area or volume

Answer 47

Density

Question 48

What is the most common pattern of dispersion

Answer 48

Clumped individuals aggregate in patches

Question 49

The study of the vital statistics of a population and how they change over time

Answer 49

Demography

Question 50

In age-specific summary of the survival pattern of a population

Answer 50

Life table

Question 51

A graphic way of representing the data in a life table

Answer 51

Survivorship curve

Question 52

Equation solving for change in population size

Answer 52

Change in population size equals births plus immigrating entering population minus deaths minus emigrants leaving population

Question 53

When the birth rate equals the death rate

Answer 53

Zero population growth

Question 54

Comprises the traits that affect its schedule of reproduction

Answer 54

And organisms life history

Question 55

What trade-offs do organisms commit

Answer 55

Between survival and reproduction | Number and size of offspring

Question 56

Selects for life history traits that are sensitive to population density

Answer 56

K selection or density dependent

Question 57

Selects for life history traits that maximize reproduction

Answer 57

R selection or density independent

Question 58

Birthrate and death rate do not change with population density

Answer 58

Density independent

Question 59

Birthrates fall and death rates rise with population density

Answer 59

Density dependent

Question 60

Occurs in crowded populations increasing population density intensifies this conflict

Answer 60

Competition for resources

Question 61

Just buy a population can accumulate in the environment contributing to density dependent regulation of population size

Answer 61

Toxic wastes

Question 62

May increase with increasing population size do you to put her preference for abundant prey species

Answer 62

Predation

Question 63

Can limit population density when space becomes a limited resource

Answer 63

Territoriality

Question 64

Transmission rates may increase with increasing population density

Answer 64

Disease

Question 65

Appear to regulate population size

Answer 65

Intrinsic factors

Question 66

Focuses on the complex interactions between biotic and abiotic factors that cause variation in population size

Answer 66

Population dynamics

Question 67

Can affect population size overtime

Answer 67

Weather and predator populations

Question 68

Groups of populations linked by immigration and emigration

Answer 68

Metapopulations