Ch. 41 Gastrointestinal dysfunction

Question 1

Define isotonic dehydration

Answer 1

Electrolyte and water losses are equal

Question 2

Which type of dehydration results from water loss in excess of electrolyte loss

Answer 2

Hypersonic dehydration

Question 3

Define hypotonic dehydration

Answer 3

Occurs when the electrolyte deficit exceeds the water deficit

Question 4

What is the viral pathogen that is frequently associated with diarrhea

Answer 4

Rotovirus

Question 5

What is the earliest detectable sign of dehydration

Answer 5

Tachycardia

Question 6

How can metabolic acidosis occur due to prolonged dehydration

Answer 6

When fluid losses exceed the ability of the body to sustain blood volume, blood pressure falls, resulting in tissue hypoxic w/accumulation of lactic acid, and other acid metabolites

Question 7

With diarrhea, neutrophils and RBC’s in the stool indicate

Answer 7

Bacterial gastroenteritis or IBD

Question 8

With diarrhea, eosinophils in the stool suggest

Answer 8

Protein intolerance or parasitic infection

Question 9

What is the initial treatment for children with acute diarrhea and dehydration

Answer 9

Oral dehydration solution

Question 10

For a child who has severe dehydration w/acute diarrhea and vomiting what should be the initial treatment

Answer 10

IV fluids

Question 11

What are some common drugs are associated with causing constipation

Answer 11

Antacids, diuretics, antiepileptic, antihistamines, opioids, iron supplement

Question 12

What is hirschsprung disease

Answer 12

Congenital anomaly that results in mechanical obstruction from inadequate motility of part of the intestine.
Absence of ganglion cells

Question 13

What is the treatment for hirschsprung disease

Answer 13

Surgical removal of affected section

Question 14

What are the clinical manifestations on an infant is suspected of having hirschsprung disease

Answer 14

Distended abdomen, feeding intolerance, billions vomiting, delay in passage of Meconium

Question 15

Define what GERD is

Answer 15

Transfer of gastric contents into the esophagus

Question 16

Abdominal pain that is most intense at McBurney’s point suggest

Answer 16

Acute appendicitis

Question 17

What is a early sing of peritonitis

Answer 17

Sudden relief from pain after perforation

Question 18

What is the inflammatory bowel disease that is limited to the colon and rectum

Answer 18

Ulcerative colitis

Question 19

What is the inflammatory bowel disease that involves any part of the GI tract (mouth to angus)

Answer 19

Chrons disease

Question 20

Which drug is used to treat moderate to sever inflammatory bowel disease

Answer 20

Corticosteroids (prednisone)

These inhibit production of adhesion molecules cytokines and leukotrienes

Question 21

The best chance of survival for a child with cirrhosis is

Answer 21

Liver transplantation

Question 22

What is biliary atresia

Answer 22

Progressive inflammatory process that cause both intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct fibrosis, resulting in obstruction

Question 23

What is the earliest clinical manifestations of biliary atresia

Answer 23

jaundice

Question 24

Describe esophageal Artesia and tracheoesophageal fistula

Answer 24

Failure of the esophagus to develop as a continuous passage and failure of the trachea and esophagus to separate into distinct structures

Question 25

What is a hernia

Answer 25

Protrusion of a a portion of an organ or organs through an abnormal opening

Question 26

Describe what pyloric stenosis is

Answer 26

Occurs when the muscle of the pylori sphincter becomes thickens, resulting in narrowing of pylori channel

Question 27

What are the major characteristics of pyloric stenosis

Answer 27

Projectile nonbilious vomiting, dehydration, metabolic alkaloids, visible peristalsis and weight loss

Question 28

Describe what intussusception is

Answer 28

Proximal segment of the bowel invaginates into the distal segment, pulling mesentery with it

Question 29

Which description of a stool is a characteristic of intussusception

Answer 29

Currant jelly stools

Question 30

Is it ok to give antidiarrheals for acute diarrhea

Answer 30

No, they are not recommended for the treatment of acute infectious diarrhea

Question 31

Is there a vaccine for Hep A

Answer 31

No

Question 32

Can Hep B be transferred to an infant of a breastfeeding mother

Answer 32

Yes

Question 33

Acute diarrhea is often caused by

Answer 33

Antibiotic therapy

Question 34

What is the parasite that causes acute diarrhea

Answer 34

Giardia lambia

Question 35

If a pt is suspected to have tracheosophageal fistful, what position and feeding guidelines need to be inforced

Answer 35

Elevate head of bed and giving nothing by mouth

Question 36

If a child who is suspected to having intussusception passes a normal stool what is the first course of action the nurse should take

Answer 36

Notify physician, this indicates the intussusception has reduced itself

Question 37

If a nasogastric tube fails to pass at birth, this may indicate

Answer 37

Esophageal Artesia