Ch. 42 Cardiovascular dysfunction

Question 1

What is a complication post-cardiac catheterization

Answer 1

cardiac arrhythmia

Question 2

If bleeding occurs in a child who has had a cardiac catheterization the initial step the nurse should take is

Answer 2

apply direct pressure (2.5cm 1inch) above the catheterization site

Question 3

Define congenital heart disease

Answer 3

anatomic abnormalities present at birth

Question 4

After venous catheterization how long should the affected area remain straight

Answer 4

4-6hrs

Question 5

List the heart defects with increased pulmonary blood flow (left to right shunt)

Answer 5

Atrial septal defect
Ventricular septal defect
Atrioventricular canal defect
Patent ductus arteriosus

Question 6

List the obstructive heart defects

Answer 6

Coarctation of the Aorta
Aortic stenosis
Pulmonic stenosis

Question 7

List the heart defects with decreased pulmonary blood flow

Answer 7

Tetralogy of fallout

Tricuspid atresia

Question 8

List the mixed heart defects

Answer 8

Transposition of the great aorta

Truncus Arteriosus

Question 9

Define Heart failure

Answer 9

inability of the heart to pump an adequate amount of blood to the systemic circulation

Question 10

Which structural defects constitute tetralogy of fallot

Answer 10

pulmonic stenosis
ventricular septal defect
overriding aorta
right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 11

What is the beneficial effect of administering digoxin

Answer 11

rapid onset in increasing cardiac output, decreasing venous pressure as a result decreasing edema

Question 12

What is a common sign of digoxin toxicity

Answer 12

vomiting

Question 13

What is the most common causative agent of bacterial endocarditis

Answer 13

streptococcus viridans

Question 14

What are Oslers nodes

Answer 14

painful, tender, pea-sized nodules that appear on the pads of the fingers or toes in bacterial endocarditis

Question 15

Define bacterial endocarditis

Answer 15

infection of the inner lining of the heart (endocardium) generally involving the valves

Question 16

How do we manage bacterial endocarditis

Answer 16

antibiotics for 2-8 weeks

prophylactic antibiotics

Question 17

What is a common serious complication of rheumatic fever

Answer 17

cardiac valve damage

Question 18

What is the major manifestation of rheumatic fever

Answer 18

polyarthritis- swollen, hot, red, painful joints

Question 19

Define rheumatic fever

Answer 19

inflammatory disease that occurs after infection GABHS, self limiting involving the joints, skin, brain, heart

Question 20

How is RF treated

Answer 20

eradication of hemolytic streptococci (penicillin)
prevent permanent cardiac damage
prevent recurrences

Question 21

What is the leading cause of death after heart transplantation

Answer 21

rejection

Question 22

Describe kawasaki disease

Answer 22

acute systemic vasculitis of unknown cause

Question 23

How is kawasaki disease managed

Answer 23

gamma globulin and aspirin

Question 24

A continuos machinery-like murmur is associated with which congenital heart defect

Answer 24

Patent ductus arteriosus

Question 25

T/F children with coarctation of the aorta will have disparity in blood pressure between the upper and lower extremities

Answer 25

True

Question 26

If a child has possible CHD where should the nurse measure blood pressure

Answer 26

all four extremities

Question 27

Why is prostaglandin E1 given to infants with coarctation of the aorta

Answer 27

to keep the ductus arterioles patent and improve oxygenation