ch 42 Flashcards
Which tertiary prevention measure should be included in the health promotion plan of care for a patient newly diagnosed with diabetes?
a. Avoiding carcinogens
b. Foot screening techniques
c. Glaucoma screening
d. Seat belt use
ANS: B
Foot screening is considered a tertiary prevention measure, one that minimizes the problems with foot ulcers, an effect of diabetic disease and disability. Avoiding carcinogens is considered primary prevention—those strategies aimed at optimizing health and disease prevention in general and not linked to a single disease entity. Glaucoma screening is considered secondary screening—measures designed to identify individuals in an early state of a disease process so that prompt treatment can be started. Seat belt use is considered primary prevention—those strategies aimed at optimizing health and disease prevention in general and not linked to a single disease entity.
When teaching a patient with a family history of hypertension about health promotion, the nurse describes blood pressure screening as which type of prevention?
a. Illness
b. Primary
c. Secondary
d. Tertiary
ANS: C
Blood pressure screening is considered secondary prevention. It is a measure designed to identify individuals in an early state of a disease process so that prompt treatment can be started. Illness prevention is considered primary prevention. Primary prevention measures are those strategies aimed at optimizing health and disease prevention in general and not linked to a single disease entity. Tertiary prevention measures are those that minimize the effects of disease and disability.
The primary healthcare nurse would recommend screening based on known risk factors, because of which action?
a. Eliminate the possibility of developing a condition.
b. Identify appropriate treatment guidelines.
c. Initiate treatment of a condition or disease.
d. Make a substantial difference in morbidity and mortality.
ANS: D
Screenings are typically indicated and recommended if the effort makes a substantial difference in morbidity and/or mortality of conditions, and they are safe, cost-effective, and accurate. Ideally a screening measure will accurately differentiate individuals who have a condition from those who do not have a condition 100% of the time; however, there may be a false-negative result, or the patient may develop a condition after the screening was conducted. A screening does not specify treatment guidelines; the screen provides results, and the healthcare provider identifies the treatment. The goal of screening is to identify individuals in an early state of a disease so that prompt treatment can be initiated. The screening results are used for this purpose.
At the well-child clinic, how does the nurse correctly teach a mother about health promotion activities and describe immunizations?
a. Unique for children
b. Primary prevention
c. Secondary prevention
d. Tertiary prevention
ANS: B
Immunizations/vaccinations are considered primary prevention measures, those strategies aimed at optimizing health and disease prevention in general. Immunizations/vaccinations are primary prevention measures for individuals across the lifespan, not just children. Secondary prevention measures are those designed to identify individuals in an early state of a disease process so that prompt treatment can be started. Tertiary prevention measures are those that minimize the effects of disease and disability.
The nurse in a newly opened community health clinic is developing a program for the individuals considered at greatest risk for poor health outcomes. How should the nurse consider this group?
a. Global community
b. Sedentary society
c. Unmotivated population
d. Vulnerable population
ANS: D
Vulnerable populations refer to groups of individuals who are at greatest risk for poor health outcomes. The entire world is the global community. Sedentary refers to the lifestyles of people worldwide who have epidemic rates of obesity and many other related chronic diseases. Unmotivated population refers to the individuals who have not demonstrated interest in changing.
When there is evidence that supports a screening for an individual patient but not for the general population, the nurse would expect the United States Preventive Services Task Force Grading (USPSTF) to be what?
a. No recommendation for or against
b. Recommends
c. Recommends against
d. Strongly recommends
ANS: A
The USPSTF Grading is an example of how evidence is used to make guidelines and determine priority. When there is evidence that supports a screening for an individual patient but not for the general population, there is no recommendation for or against screening the general population. Recommends is the grading when there is high certainty that the net benefit is moderate or there is moderate certainty that the net benefit is moderate to substantial. Recommends against is the grading when there is moderate or high certainty that the intervention has no net benefit or that the harms outweigh the benefits. Strongly recommends is the grading when there is high certainty that the net benefit is substantial.
A nurse manager is reviewing interrelated concepts to professional nursing. Which concepts should the nurse manager consider when addressing concerns about the quality of health promotion? (Select all that apply.)
a. Culture
b. Development
c. Evidence
d. Nutrition
e. Health policy
ANS: C, E
The interrelated concepts to professional nursing include evidence, healthcare economics, health policy, and patient education. Culture is a patient attribute concept. Development is a patient attribute concept. Nutrition is a health and illness concept.
