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Bio 235 > Ch 5 > Flashcards

Ch 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

integumentary system

A

the integumentary system consists of the skin, hair, oil and sweat glands,
nails, and sensory receptors
the integumentary system contributes to homeostasis by protecting the body and helping regulate body temperature. It also allows you to sense pleasurable, painful, and other stimuli in your external environment.

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2
Q

dermatology

A

is the medical specialty that deals with structures, functions, and disorders of the integumentary system

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3
Q

cutaneous membrane (skin)

A

largest organ, 7% of total body weight in adult, thickness from 0.5mm- 4.0 mm

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4
Q

epidermis (superficial)

A

The superficial, thinner portion, which is composed of
epithelial tissue

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5
Q

function of the integumentary system

A
  1. Regulates body temperature.
  2. Stores blood.
  3. Protects body from external
    environment.
  4. Detects cutaneous sensations.
  5. Excretes and absorbs substances.
  6. synthesizes vitamin D
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6
Q

dermis (deep)

A

-deeper, thicker connective tissue portion
-composed of dense irregular connective tissue containing collagen and elastic fibers. It is divided into papillary and reticular regions. The papillary region contains thin collagen and fine elastic fibers, dermal papillae, and corpuscles of touch. The reticular region contains bundles of thick collagen and some coarse elastic fibers, fibroblasts and macrophages, adipose tissue, hair follicles, nerves, sebaceous (oil) glands, and sudoriferous (sweat) glands.

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7
Q

subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)

A

is deep to the dermis and not part of the skin, it anchors the dermis to underlying tissues and organs, and it contains lamellated corpuscles

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8
Q

hypodermis

A

consist of areolar and adipose tissues

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9
Q

lamellated corpuscles

A

The subcutaneous layer serves as a storage depot for fat and contains large blood vessels that supply the skin. lamellated corpuscles are nerve endings in this region, sensitive to pressure

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10
Q

epidermis

A

-the epidermis consists of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
-an epidermal wound would not produce any bleeding.
-It contains four principal types of cells: keratinocytes, melanocytes, intraepidermal macrophages, and tactile epithelial cells

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11
Q

keratinocytes

A

cell in the epidermis 90% they are arranged in 4/5 layers and produce the protein keratin

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12
Q

keratin

A

tough fibrous protein that helps protect the skin and underlying tissues from abrasions, heat, microbes, and chemicals

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13
Q

intraepidermal macrophages ( langerhans cells)

A

arise from red bone marrow and migrate to the epidermis, participate in immune responses mounted against microbes that invaded the skin, are easily damaged by UV light

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14
Q

tactile epithelial cells ( merkel cells)

A

local to the deepest layer of the epidermis, contact the flattened process of a sensory neuron (nerve cell)

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15
Q

tactile disc (merkel disc)

A

detect touch sensation

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16
Q

thin skin

A

exposure to friction is greatest, in fingertips, palms, soles

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17
Q

thick skin

A
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18
Q

melanin

A

Melanin protects DNA of keratinocytes from the damaging effects
of UV light

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19
Q

stratum basale

A

the stratum basale is the layer of the epidermis with stem cells that continually undergo cell division

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20
Q

stem cells

A
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21
Q

stratum granulosum

A
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22
Q

keratohyalin

A
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23
Q

lamellar granules

A
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24
Q

stratum lucidum

A
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25
stratum corneum
26
stratum spinosum
27
callus
28
keratinization
29
epidermal growth factor (EGF)
30
papillary region
31
dermal papillae
32
capillary loops
33
corpuscles of touch (meissner corpusles)
34
free nerve endings
35
reticular region
36
dermis
37
extensibility
38
elasticity
39
epidermal ridges
provide the basis for fingerprints and footprints
40
fingerprints or foot prints
41
structural basis of skin color
melanin, hemoglobin and carotene are three pigments that impart a wide variety of colors to skin.
42
hair shaft
43
hair root
44
hair follicle
45
epithelial root sheath
46
dermal root sheath
47
hair bulb
48
papilla of the hair
49
hair matrix
50
hairs (pili)
are growths of epidermis composed of dead, keratinized epidermal cells
51
arrector pili
52
hair root plexus
53
sebaceous glands
54
oil glands
55
sudoriferous glands (sweat glands)
56
eccrine sweat glands
57
thermoregulation
58
thermoregulatory sweating
59
insensible perspiration
60
sensible perspiration
61
emotional sweating
62
apocrine sweat glands
63
sebum
64
cerumen
65
ceruminous glands
66
nails
nails are hard because they are composed of tightly packed, hard, keratinized epidermal cells
67
hyponychium
68
nail bed
69
eponychium
70
hangnail
71
nail matrix
72
free edge
73
nail root
74
lunula
75
nail body
76
functions of the nail
1. the protect the distal end of the digits. 2. They provide support and counterpressure to the palmar surface of the fingers to enhance touch perception and manipulation. 3. They allow us to grasp and manipulate small objects, and they can be used to scratch and groom the body in various way
77
Describe the structure of a hair. What causes “goose bumps”
Under physiological or emotional stress, such as cold or fright, autonomic nerve endings stimulate the arrector pili muscles to contract, which pulls the hair shafts perpendicular to the skin surface. This action causes “goose bumps” or “gooseflesh” because the skin around the shaft forms slight elevations
78
contrast the locations and functions of sebaceous (oil) glands, sudoriferous (sweat) glands, and ceruminous glands.
79
what criteria are used to distinguish thin and thick skin
80
thermoregulation
81
excretion
82
absorption
83
blood reservoir
84
protection
85
cutaneous sensations
86
synthesis of vitamin D
87
in what two ways does the skin help regulate body temp
88
how does the skin serve as a protective barrier
89
what sensations arise from stimulation of neurons in the skin
90
what types of molecules can penetrate the stratum corneum

Bio 235 (5 decks)

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