CH 5

Question 1

Converts 220 volts of AC to DC

Answer 1

High Voltage Generator

Question 2

The generator is a ___ component of the imagin system, not under control of the technologist.

Answer 2

Fixed

Question 3

Name the 3 basic generating systems:

Answer 3

1)Single Phase 2) Three Phase 3)High Frquency

Question 4

Generator affects what in regards to photons?

Answer 4

Quality and quantity

Question 5

Generator purpose and alternate name?

Answer 5

Device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy. AKA Dynamo

Question 6

The unit for frequency is?

Answer 6

Hertz

Question 7

The frequency of the sine wave is determined by?

Answer 7

The # of cycles per second

Question 8

How many times per/second do the electrons in a 60 Hz alternating current change their direction of movement?

Answer 8

60 times

Question 9

Hertz is also known as

Answer 9

Pulses, impulses or alternations

Question 10

During half wave rectification photons are produced and emitted during?

Answer 10

the positive cycle

Question 11

Full Wave Rectification is?

Answer 11

The same as the half wave except there is no “dead time”

Question 12

What does 3 phase rectification result in? (6 and 12 pulse)

Answer 12

In higher quality and quantity photons

Question 13

High frequency means

Answer 13

A “nearly” constant positive voltage, less than 1% ripple

Question 14

Single phase generators have how much ripple?

Answer 14

100% ripple

Question 15

3 phase 6 pulse generators have how much ripple?

Answer 15

14% ripple

Question 16

3 phase 12 pulse generators have how much ripple?

Answer 16

4% ripple

Question 17

High frequency generators have how much ripple?

Answer 17

1% ripple

Question 18

What generating system has the highest frequency rating when creating x-ray photons?

Answer 18

High Frequency

Question 19

Where does power for x ray generating systems come from?

Answer 19

Normal incoming household line, which is 120 volts of AC.

Question 20

Nearly all x-ray equipment works within

Answer 20

210-220 volts

Question 21

All rad tech operated controls are in the

Answer 21

low voltage side of the circuit, this is done to prevent high voltage shock hazard.

Question 22

Dead man type switch

Answer 22

Requires constant pressure.

Question 23

By law the control consule must have:

Answer 23

mA, kV meter and a timer,

Question 24

All tranformers run on what kind of current?

Answer 24

AC

Question 25

Transformers are need to?

Answer 25

Increase of decrease the voltage.

Question 26

Types of Transformers

Answer 26

Auto-Tranformers, Step up (or High Tension), Step Down (Low Filament)

Question 27

Tranformer Law Formula

Answer 27

(Vs/Vp)=(Ns/Np)

Question 28

Most xrays in the diagnostic energy range are created from

Answer 28

Brem's and Characteristic

Question 29

Brems entails the:

Answer 29

Breaking or slowing of electrons.

Question 30

Electrons come from what end of the tube?

Answer 30

The Cathode.

Question 31

The focusing cup is what kind of charge?

Answer 31

Negative

Question 32

Thermoionic Emission

Answer 32

Heat builds up creating a boiling over.

Question 33

Thermoionic Emission is also known as?

Answer 33

Space Charge and Electron Cloud

Question 34

What directly influences radiation dose to the patient?

Answer 34

mAs

Question 35

Double mA or time will do what to the radiation dose to the patient?

Answer 35

Double the dose

Question 36

What kind of device should be used to aid in the setting of mAs to reduce unnecessary repeats?

Answer 36

Calipers

Question 37

What is directly responsible for the quality or the energy of the beam?

Answer 37

kV

Question 38

The energy of the beam is also known as?

Answer 38

Penetrating Power

Question 39

An increase in penetrating abilities is due to?

Answer 39

Increase in kV

Question 40

Electrons moving faster in the tube from the cathode to anode is due to?

Answer 40

Increase in kV

Question 41

The faster the electrons move the higher

Answer 41

the quality of x-rays we have

Question 42

A voltage meter measures what?

Answer 42

Volts

Question 43

Optimum kV techiniques:

Answer 43

What we must always practice, when making an exposure on a patient. Smallest amount of radiation.

Question 44

Optimum kV is what kind of principle?

Answer 44

ALARA

Question 45

Power ratings for Single units Formula

Answer 45

VxAx0.7=Watts

Question 46

Single Phase Rectified Unit Formula

Answer 46

mAxSxkV=HU

Question 47

Three phase 6 pulse Unit Formula

Answer 47

mAxSxkVx1.35=HU

Question 48

High Frequency Heat unit formula?

Answer 48

mAxSxkVx1.40=HU

Question 49

AEC (Automatic Exposure Control)

Answer 49

Controls time only, automatically terminates the exposure once enough x rays have penetrated a specific part being radiographed.

Question 50

AEC is also known as:

Answer 50

Phototimer and Ionizing Chamber

Question 51

Minumum Reaction time

Answer 51

Length of time needed for AEC to respond to radiation and for the generator to terminate the exposure.

Question 52

Back up time

Answer 52

Times that cannot exceed tube limit and should be set at 150% of the anticipated manual exposure mAs.

Question 53

Backup time is designed to do what?

Answer 53

Prevent over exposure.

Question 54

What are the 3 basic components to create X-rays

Answer 54

1)Source of electricity 2)mA and kV 3)X-ray tube consisting of a cathode and an Anode (source and target) .

Question 55

Fillament or dual filament is found on what side of the tube?

Answer 55

Cathode

Question 56

Filament is made of

Answer 56

Tungsten

Question 57

What is the anode made of?

Answer 57

Tungsten and enhanced with rhenium-alloy

Question 58

How thick is the anode?

Answer 58

5-13 cm

Question 59

What is used as the target focal track material?

Answer 59

Tungsten

Question 60

Area of bombardment is called?

Answer 60

Target, focus, focal point, focal track, and focal spot (any of these)

Question 61

Ionization is

Answer 61

The addition of or subtraction of an electron from an atom

Question 62

Bremsstrahlung is a form of?

Answer 62

Electromagnetic radiation.

Question 63

Brems is the

Answer 63

Sudden deceleration of electrons interacting with the Tungsten Anode

Question 64

X-rays from what kind of beam?

Answer 64

Polyenergetic/Polychromatic/Heterogeneous

Question 65

Photons are

Answer 65

Bundles of energy that travel in waves.

Question 66

5 types of interactions with matter are:

Answer 66

Coherent, Photoelectric, Compton, Pair Production, Photodisintegration.

Question 67

X-ray properties

Answer 67

Invisible, Neutral, No mass, Travel at Speed of light, Cant be optical focused, form polyenergetic beam, penetrates matter, can produce Secondary scatter radiation, can cause substance fluoresence (glow), Can cause biological effects.