Ch 5

Question 1

macromolecules

Answer 1

large molecules composed of thousands of covalently connected atoms

Question 2

polymer

Answer 2

a long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks called monomers

Question 3

monomers

Answer 3

form larger molecules by condensation reaching called dehydration reactions

Question 4

polymers

Answer 4

disassembled to monomers by hydrolysis

Question 5

carbohydrates

Answer 5

sugars, and polymers of sugars

Question 6

simplest carbohydrates

Answer 6

monosaccharides

Question 7

polysaccharide

Answer 7

polymers composed of many sugar building blocks

Question 8

monosaccharides molecular formula

Answer 8

CH2O

Question 9

how are monosaccharides classified

Answer 9

by the location of the carbonyl group and the number of carbons in the carbon skeleton

Question 10

when is a disaccharide formed

Answer 10

when a dehydration reaction joins two monosaccharides

Question 11

glycosidic linkage

Answer 11

covalent bond

Question 12

polymers of sugar

Answer 12

polysaccharides they have storage and structural roles

Question 13

how is the structure and function of a polysaccharide determined

Answer 13

by it’s sugar monomers and the positions of the glycosidic linkages

Question 14

starch

Answer 14

storage polysaccharide of plants, consists entirely of glucose monomers

Question 15

glycogen

Answer 15

storage polysaccharide in animals

Question 16

where do plants store starch

Answer 16

chloroplast and other plastids

Question 17

where do animals store glycogen

Answer 17

in liver and muscle cells

Question 18

cellulose

Answer 18

major component of the tough walk of plant cells

Question 19

polymers with alpha glucose

Answer 19

helical

Question 20

polymers with beta glucose

Answer 20

straight

Question 21

chitin

Answer 21

structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of arthropods

Question 22

chitin functions

Answer 22

provides structural support for the cell wall of many fungi and can be used as surgical thread

Question 23

lipids

Answer 23

do not form polymers

Question 24

unifying feature of lipids

Answer 24

having little to no affinity for water

Question 25

why are lipids hydrophobic

Answer 25

they consist mostly of hydrocarbons which for nonpolar covalent bonds

Question 26

most important lipids

Answer 26

fats, phospholipids, and steroids

Question 27

what are fats constructed of

Answer 27

glycerol and fatty acids

Question 28

glycerol

Answer 28

three carbon alcohol with a hydroxyl group attached to the carbon

Question 29

what do fatty acids consist of

Answer 29

carbonyl group attached to a large carbon skeleton

Question 30

what joins fatty acids

Answer 30

ester linkage

Question 31

saturated fatty acids

Answer 31

have the max number of hydrogen atoms possible and no double bonds

Question 32

unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 32

have one or more double bonds

Question 33

major functions of fat

Answer 33

energy storage

Question 34

phospholipid

Answer 34

two fatty acids and a phosphate group are attached to glycerol

Question 35

steroids

Answer 35

lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings

Question 36

cholesterol

Answer 36

important steroid a component in animal cell membrane

Question 37

protein function

Answer 37

structural support, storage, transport, cellular communications, movement , and defenses against foreign substances

Question 38

enzymes

Answer 38

a type of protein that acts as a catalyst speeding up chemical reactions

Question 39

polypeptides

Answer 39

polymer of amino acids

Question 40

amino acids

Answer 40

organic molecules with carboxyl and amino groups

Question 41

how do amino acids differ

Answer 41

their properties due to different side chains

Question 42

how are amino acids linked

Answer 42

peptide bonds

Question 43

polypeptide

Answer 43

unique linear sequence of amino acids

Question 44

primary structure

Answer 44

unique sequence of amino acids

Question 45

secondary structure

Answer 45

found in most proteins consists of coils and folds in the peptide chains

Question 46

tertiary structure

Answer 46

determined by interactions among various side chains

Question 47

quaternary structure

Answer 47

results when a protein consists of multiple polypeptide chains

Question 48

chaperonins

Answer 48

protein molecules that assist in the proper folding of other proteins

Question 49

where does proteins synthesis occurs

Answer 49

in ribosomes

Question 50

polymers of polynucleotides

Answer 50

nucleotide monomers