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Intro to clinic > Ch. 5 Clinical Instruements > Flashcards

Ch. 5 Clinical Instruements Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a dental instrument?

A

OBJECT OR
A TOOL THAT IS USED TO DO CERTAIN
PROCEDURES in clinic or lab

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2
Q

What are the three parts of a dental instrument?

A
  • Handle diaphysis
  • Shank
  • blade
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3
Q

What is the handle?

A

Longest part where dentist holds instrument

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4
Q

What is the Shank?

A

joints the handle with the working end

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5
Q

What is the working end?

A

Blade or Nib

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6
Q

What is a blade?

A

On cutting instruments, has a cutting edge

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7
Q

What is the nib? (2)

A
  • On a non-cutting instrument

- Has a face or point

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8
Q

What are the classifications of dental instruments (action way)? (2)

A

1) PURE MANUAL ACTION

2) LINKED TO ENERGY SOURCE

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9
Q

Pure manual action instruments are used for…? (7)

A
  • dental exploration
  • dental fillings
  • endodontics
  • periodontics
  • surgery and extraction
  • oral surgery
  • impressions
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10
Q

What instruments are pure manual action?

A
  • mirror
  • explorer
  • pliers
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11
Q

What does the mirror do? (4)

A
  • To provide indirect vision
  • to retract lips
  • cheeks and tongue
  • to reflect light into the mouth
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12
Q

What does the explorer do? (4)

A
  • To examine teeth for caries
  • calculus
  • Single or doubled ended.
  • used less because can create lesions
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13
Q

What do pliers do?

A

-transfer items or material into and out of oral cavity

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14
Q

What instruments are for dental fillings? (7)

A
  • Black spoon excavator
  • Dappen Glass
  • amalgam carrier
  • amalgam condensers
  • composite condenser
  • groove conformer
  • excavator and chisel
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15
Q

What does the black spoon excavator do? (3)

A
  • remove carious dentin
  • shape internal parts of cavities
  • has a range of sizes
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16
Q

What is dappen glass?

A

used to mix cements

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17
Q

What is amalgam carrier?

A

For carrying amalgam to the cavity

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18
Q

What is an amalgam condenser?

A

to condense and pack the amalgam into the cavity

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19
Q

What are the shapes of amalgam condensers? (3)

A

spherical
cylindrical
conical

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20
Q

What is a composite condenser? (2)

A
  • Condense and pack composite into cavity

- can be plastic or metallic

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21
Q

What is a groove conformer?

A

Instrument for shaping the surface of the filling material

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22
Q

What is a excavator and chisel?

A

cutting instruments for carving the surface of the filling material

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23
Q

What are the types of excavators and chisels? (3)

A

hollenback
cleoid
discoid

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24
Q

What are the instruments are used for endodontics? (7)

A
  • files
  • nerve removers
  • ruler
  • space conformers
  • guttapercha
  • rubber dam
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25
What are the objectives for the instruments used in endodontics? (5)
A. Debriding and cleaning the root canal. B. Removal of all infected dentin. C. Smoothing of the canal walls. D. Selective preparation of curved canal walls. E. Tapering of the canal to receive a filling.
26
What are the lengths of files? (4)
21, 25, 28, 31
27
What is a nerve remover?
Removes nerves
28
What is a ruler? (2)
determines length of the root | *can also use an electronic apex locator
29
What is a space conformer? (2)
- creates space around the guttapercha on the sides so you can add more - DOESNT condense it in
30
What is guttapercha?
Material used to seal root canals once they have been properly cleaned
31
What does a rubber dam do?
- provide operating field free from oral contamination - prevent pateint from inhaling or swallowing root canal instruments - gives good visual acces by retracting lips and tongue
32
What tooth has the longest root, where you will use the 31 mm file?
canines
33
What are files?
used to clean and shape the root
34
What instruments are used for periodontics? (3)
- periodontal probes - curettes - hoes
35
What instruments are used for surgery and extraction?
-forceps
36
What are forceps?
used with elevators to extract teeth
37
What are the parts of the forceps? (3)
- valves or beaks - joint - arms or handle
38
What are valves? (3)
- part of the forceps - designed to fit around the curve of the crown - aka BEAKS
39
What is the joint? (2)
- part of the forceps | - allows the valves and handle to be opened
40
What is the arm/handle? (3)
- part of the forceps - serrated handle - allows operator to have better grip
41
What are periodontal probes?
-measures loss of atatchment/bone loss
42
What are curettes and hoes used for?
eliminating calculus
43
What are the differences with forceps?
The angle or the valve/bulb
44
What angle do forceps have for upper teeth
180 degrees
45
What angle do the forceps have for the lower teeth?
90 degrees
46
Each extraction forceps is designed for ...?
a particular area of the mouth
47
What is an elevator used for?
to loosen and elevate teeth in their sockets prior to extraction
48
What are the three parts of an elevator?
- blade/working end - shank - handle
49
What is the blade/working end of an elevator?
functional, elevating end
50
What is the shank of an elevator?
- area between the working end and handle | - straight or angled
51
What is the handle of the elevator?
Part of instrument that the operator holds
52
What are the instruments for oral surgery? (5)
- scalpel - scissors - retractors - sutures - needle holder
53
What does a scalpel do?
makes incisions
54
What do scissors do?
cut soft tissues
55
What do retractors do?
- help in visibility | - protect tissues
56
What are sutures?
stitches
57
What does a needle holder do?
heal by closing tissue after surgery
58
What instruments are used for impressions?
-trays
59
What is a dental tray?
INSTRUMENTS DESIGNED TO CARRY THE | IMPRESSION MATERIAL TO THE MOUTH
60
What materials can be used in dental trays? (3)
- alginate - plaster - silicones
61
What is the function of trays? (3)
- To hold the impression material. - Can be perforated for better retention. - Have a handle (during placement and removal)
62
What is a negative?
"holes of the teeth" in an impression
63
What types of impression trays exist? (2)
- metal | - plastic
64
What instruments are linked to energy sources? (4)
- ROTATORY - ULTRASONICS - LIGHT FOR DENTAL CURE - LASERS
65
What is a rotatory instrument?
Those instruments which need a system able to make the burs revolve around their own axis
66
Rotatory instruments help to make dental | treatment more _______ for the patient.
comfortable
67
Rotatory instruments _____ the amount of | time needed to complete procedures
reduce
68
Dental burs Are used to cutting ... (3)
hard tissues (enamel, dentin)
69
Each dental bur has a ___ function
particular
70
The end of the shank | determines
which handpiece will fill into high speed or low speed
71
Dental bur materials are... (4)
made from different materials (tungsten carbide, | diamond)
72
What are the parts of burs? (3)
a) WORKING PART or HEAD b) NECK c) SHANK
73
What are the three types of handpieces?
- high speed - straight - low speed
74
Attachment of high speed handpiece
dental unit
75
attachment of straight handpiece
electric motor = micromotor
76
attachment of low speed handpiece
electric motor = micromotor
77
hand pieces are used with what to avoid pulp damage? why?
water to cool the tooth
78
What is the advantage of the high speed handpiece?
quicker and less vibrations
79
What procedures do we use rotatory instruments for? (t6)
``` Caries removal Polishing of restorations Dental preparations Implants Surgery Prosthesis ```

Intro to clinic (12 decks)

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