Ch 5 Nervous System

Question 1

The collective components and structures that work together to move the body: muscular, skeletal, and nervous systems

Answer 1

Human Movement System (HMS)

Question 2

A concept that describes the human body as a chain of interdependent links that work together to perform movement.

Answer 2

Kinetic Chain

Question 3

A specialized network of nerves that transmits information within the human body (provides sensory information to the brain, stimulates movement thru muscle contraction, organ function)

Answer 3

Nervous system

Question 4

A specialized cell that is the functional unit of the nervous system

Answer 4

Neuron

Question 5

Neurons are composed of 3 parts:

Answer 5

1. Cell body
2. Axon
3. Dendrites

Question 6

Cylindrical projects from the cell body that transmits nervous impulses to other neurons or effector sites; provides communication from the brain/spinal cord to other parts of the body

Answer 6

Axon

Question 7

Muscles/organs that receive signals from neurons to produce a physiological response

Answer 7

Effector sites

Question 8

Gather info from other structures and transmit it back to the neuron

Answer 8

Dendrites

Question 9

The 4 primary electrolytes that transmit nerve impulses throughout the body

Answer 9

Sodium
Potassium
Magnesium
Water

Question 10

The nervous system is composed of 2 divisions:

Answer 10

1. Central Nervous System (CNS) - brain/spinal cord
2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) - nerves rest of body

Question 11

Consists of the brain & spinal cord, coordinated activity to all parts of the body

Answer 11

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Question 12

Nerves that connect the rest of the body to the Central Nervous System

Answer 12

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 13

The PNS provides sensory information (e.g., sight, smell, touch, taste) from the rest of the body TO the CNS via:

Answer 13

Afferent Pathway
(“Sensory Pathway”)

Question 14

The PNS relays info from the CNS back down to the rest of the body via the

Answer 14

Efferent Pathway
(“Motor Pathway”)

Question 15

Specialized structures throughout the body that convert environmental stimuli (heat, light, sound, taste, motion) into sensory information that the brain and spinal cord use to produce a response (afferent pathway)

Answer 15

Sensory Receptors

Question 16

The PNS has 4 sensory receptors:

Answer 16

1. Mechanoreceptors
2. Nociceptors
3. Chemoreceptors
4. Photoreceptors

Question 17

specialized structures that respond to mechanical (touch or pressure) within tissues and then transmit signals through sensory nerves

Answer 17

Mechanoreceptors

Question 18

Respond to pain receptors

Answer 18

Nociceptors

Question 19

Respond to chemical interactions (smell and taste)

Answer 19

Chemoreceptors

Question 20

Respond to light (vision)

Answer 20

Photoreceptors

Question 21

The PNS has 2 subdivisons:

Answer 21

1. Somatic Nervous System (SNS)
2. Automative Nervous System (ANS)

Question 22

Nerves that serve the outer areas of the body and skeletal muscle and are largely responsible for the voluntary control of movement.

Answer 22

Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

Question 23

A division of the peripheral nervous system that supplies neural input to organs that run the involuntary processes of the body (e.g., circulating blood, digesting food, producing hormones).

Answer 23

Automatic Nervous System (ANS)

Question 24

Subdivision of the autonomic nervous system that works to INCREASE neural activity and put the body in a heightened state (i.e., Exercise!, adrenaline, fight or flight)

Answer 24

Sympathetic Nervous System

Question 25

Subdivision of the autonomic nervous system that works to DECREASE neural activity and put the body in a more relaxed state (i.e., rest or digest)

Answer 25

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Question 26

The body’s ability to naturally sense its general orientation and relative position of its parts. (AFFERENT pathway)

Answer 26

Proprioception

Question 27

Ability of the nervous system (CNS) to analyze/interpret the sensory information to allow for proper decision-making, which produces an appropriate response (via the AFFERENT pathway)

Answer 27

Integrative Function of Nervous System

Question 28

The top 2 important sensory receptors (mechanoreceptors) are:

Answer 28

Muscle Spindles & Golgi Tendon Organ

Question 29

Sensory receptors sensitive to change in LENGTH of the muscle and the rate of that change. (contraction of muscles)

Answer 29

Muscle Spindles

Question 30

Neurological signal from the muscle spindle that causes a muscle to contract to prevent excessive lengthening or other potential muscle damage

Answer 30

Stretch Reflex

Question 31

A specialized sensory receptor located at the point where skeletal muscle fibers insert into the tendons of skeletal muscle; sensitive to changes in muscular TENSION and rate of tension change (relaxation of muscles)

Answer 31

Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO)

Question 32

Motor skill development often occurs in 3 stages:

Answer 32

1. Cognitive (learning skill) 2. Associative (Refine skill) 3. Autonomous (Master skill, automatic w no errors)

Question 33

Concept that the brain will continually change or grow, reforming neural pathways for life

Answer 33

Neuroplasticity

Question 34

Interconnection of neurons in the brain and spinal cord

Answer 34

Neurocircuitry