Ch. 5 Study Guide

Question 1

When comparing the cardiovascular system to a city, what is it similar to?

Answer 1

roads

The cardiovascular system is similar to the roads which transport goods

Question 2

What are the two components of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 2

heart and blood vessels

Question 3

The innermost layer of an artery is known as

Answer 3

endothelium

Question 4

The cardiovascular system is composed of the heart and the blood vessels.True or false.

Answer 4

true

Question 5

Which blood vessels are small, thin, and porous enough to exchange substances at the tissue level of organization?

Answer 5

capillaries

Capillaries are narrow, microscopic tubes that are porous

Question 6

What is the role of the lymphatic system with respect to the cardiovascular system?

Answer 6

collecting excess tissue fluids and returning them to the cardiovascular system

Question 7

Which body system will return excess tissue fluid to the cardiovascular system?

Answer 7

lymphatic

Question 8

When dissecting a specimen, the students noticed that the arteries were thicker and more elastic than the veins. Why?

Answer 8

Arteries are under greater pressure.

Question 9

The excess fluid from the cardiovascular system that enters the lymphatic system is called _____

Answer 9

lymph

Question 10

My grandmother takes a prescription drug that dilates her arterioles. What does this do to her blood pressure? Why?

Answer 10

It falls because this increases the cross-sectional area of the vessels.

Question 11

Which arterial property enables it to resist the blood pressure?

Answer 11

elastic tissue in the arterial wall

Question 12

The walls of veins are thinner, so they cannot expand as greatly as arteries can.

Answer 12

False

Question 13

What is true about capillaries.

Answer 13

It is the site of nutrients, gas exchange, and waste exchange.

Question 14

What is the function of valves in the veins?

Answer 14

prevent the backward flow of blood

Question 15

What is the name of the thick, membranous sac that surrounds and protects the heart?

Answer 15

pericardium

Question 15

At any one time, where is the majority of the blood found in the body?

Answer 15

veins

Veins can serve as a blood reservoir, holding about 70% of the blood.

Question 16

Dr. Ferguson explained that in a condition known as situs inversus, the internal organs are reversed in their orientation. Thus, the apex of the heart would be oriented to the _____

Answer 16

right

Normally, the apex of the heart is tilted to the left.

Question 17

What are the upper chambers of the heart called?

Answer 17

atria

Question 18

What type of cell junctions are found in cardiac muscle tissue?

Answer 18

gap junctions and desmosomes

Question 19

What are the string-like structures in the heart that anchor the atrioventricular valves?

Answer 19

chordae tendineae

The chordae tendineae are strong fibrous strings.

Question 20

During open-heart surgery, the first heart structure that would be cut into is the _____

Answer 20

pericardium

pericardium is a thick membranous sac

Question 21

Blood leaves which chamber of the heart to enter the lungs?

Answer 21

right ventricle

Question 22

If the left semilunar valve were blocked, where would blood accumulate?

Answer 22

left ventricle

The left ventricle sends blood through the semilunar valve to the aorta. If the valve was blocked, the blood would back up in the left ventricle.

Question 22

A hospital laboratory technician injects a dye into a vein in your right arm. What is the first chamber of the heart that the dye will reach?

Answer 22

right atrium

The veins from the body empty into the right atrium.

Question 23

Which part of the brain contains the cardiac control center?

Answer 23

medulla oblongata

Question 23

The "lub" sound of the "lub-dub" heartbeat is due to what?

Answer 23

the closing of the AV valves

Question 24

The patient received a dose of epinephrine. What did this do to their heart rate?

Answer 24

increases it

Question 25

What does an ECG record?

Answer 25

eletrical changes

Question 26

The boys heart began to beat much faster when it came to the scary scene in the movie. Which portion of the nervous system causes the heart to beat faster when afraid?

Answer 26

sympathetic

Question 27

If your pulse is 70 beats per minute, how fast is your heart beating?

Answer 27

70 beats per minute

Question 28

Which of the following could be used to take a pulse?

Answer 28

radial artery

Question 29

Mrs. Hinson was informed that her blood pressure was 150/95. These numbers indicate that she has _____

Answer 29

stage 2 hypertension

Question 29

What is the instrument called that is used to measure blood pressure?

Answer 29

sphygmomanometer

Question 30

What is occuring in the heart when diastolic pressure is being measured?

Answer 30

The heart ventricles are relaxing.

Question 31

What is the correct range of systolic and diastolic pressure for normal blood pressure?

Answer 31

120/80

Question 32

Normal blood pressure is 120/80. What is the top number called and what is happening in the heart?

Answer 32

systolic pressure; ejection of blood from the heart

Question 33

Where in the body is blood pressure the highest?

Answer 33

aorta

Question 34

Blood pressure _____ with distance from the left ventricle, while the total cross-sectional area of the blood vessels _____.

Answer 34

decreases; increases

Question 35

Which of the following is the largest artery of the systemic circuit?

Answer 35

aorta

Question 36

Which blood vessel of the pulmonary circuit will carry deoxygenated blood?

Answer 36

pulmonary artery | The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs. The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

Question 37

Which blood vessel will have the greatest amount of oxygen?

Answer 37

femoral artery | The femoral artery carries oxygenated blood.

Question 38

Blood will travel through the hepatic portal vein and ________ before it reaches the inferior vena cava.

Answer 38

hepatic vein

Question 39

In the pulmonary circuit, veins carry oxygen- ____ blood, and in the systemic circuit, veins carry oxygen-____ blood.

Answer 39

rich; poor | In the pulmonary circuit, the pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood from the lungs. In the systemic circuit, veins carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart.

Question 40

Which of the following is not one of the functions of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 40

conduct neural impulses throughout the body | The nerous system tarnsport neural impulses throughout the body.

Question 41

All veins carry oxygen-poor blood.

Answer 41

false | The pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood.

Question 42

If fluid is leaving a capillary and entering the tissue, what is true?

Answer 42

Blood pressure is higher than osmotic pressure. | At the arterial end of the capillary, blood pressure is higher than osmo

Question 43

Identify the difference between the components of tissue fluid and plasma.

Answer 43

Tissue fluid contains lower amounts of proteins than plasma. | Tissue fluid contains all of the components of plasma but has much lower

Question 44

What is the ballooning of a blood vessel called?

Answer 44

aneurysm | An aneurysm is another name for the ballooning or bulging of a blood ves

Question 45

The American Heart Association recommends a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol to prevent which disease?

Answer 45

atherosclerosis | The AHA recommends such a diet to prevent the onset and development of a

Question 46

Which of the following activities is not recommended for prevention of cardiovascular disease?

Answer 46

Raise the LDL intake. | Raising the low density lipoprotein level (LDL) is not recommended for t

Question 47

Which health condition can be used to identify a person who has hypertension?

Answer 47

* having a stroke * experiencing a heart attack * kidney failure | A high white blood cell count is an indication that a person has some ty

Question 48

What drug may protect against having a first heart attack?

Answer 48

aspirin | There is evidence that aspirin protects against first heart attacks.

Question 49

What is a stent?

Answer 49

a cylinder of expandable metal mesh | A stent is a cylinder of expandable metal mesh that is positioned inside

Question 50

Which of the following is a symptom of a heart attack?

Answer 50

shortness of breath