Ch 5 The Nervous System – Neurology and Psychiatry Flashcards
(232 cards)
1
Q
The nervous system serves as the body’s
A
communications network, coordinating data reception with appropriate reaction.
2
Q
Nervous system is composed of two parts:
A
the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system.
3
Q
The peripheral nervous system collects
A
data
4
Q
Peripheral nervous system receives information such as
A
temperature, pain, light, and pressure from its surroundings
5
Q
As quickly as peripheral nervous system receives input it transmits it to an
A
analytic center via special conduits known as nerves
6
Q
The unified collection of cells in the brain and spine are known as the
A
central nervous system
7
Q
The central nervous system processes the details and formulates a
A
response
8
Q
Commands are directed back to the appropriate body parts via
A
nerves
9
Q
brain and the collecting/acting nerves make up your
A
nervous system
10
Q
The nerves that send and receive signals from the brain are collectively known as the
A
peripheral nervous system
11
Q
Brain and Spinal Cord are called the
A
central nervous system
12
Q
The brain has several sections
A
(lobes) and is divided in two halves (hemispheres)
13
Q
Largest portion of your brain is the
A
cerebrum
14
Q
Under the cerebrum is the
A
cerebellum (controls things like coordination of movements)
15
Q
central nervous system is fragile and needs a protective membrane
A
meninges
16
Q
central nervous systems tough outer layer is known as the
A
dura
17
Q
root for Brain
A
cerebr/o , encephal/o
18
Q
root for cerebellum
A
cerebell/o
19
Q
the encephalo root comes from en(inside) and cephalus(head) and means
A
“the stuff inside your head”
20
Q
cerbell/o is brain with a diminutive suffix that means
A
“little brain” (little version of the brain)
21
Q
root for lobe
A
lob/o
22
Q
root for head
A
cephal/o
23
Q
root for head,skull
A
crani/o
24
Q
root for meninges (membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord)
A
mening/o, meningi/o
25
root for dura (tough outer membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord)
dur/o
26
root for nerve
neur/o
27
root for nerve bundle
gangli/o
28
root for spinal cord, bone marrow
(innermost part)
myel/o
29
root for feeling, sensation
esthesi/o
30
root speech
phas/o
31
root for mind
phren/o, psych/o
32
root for sleep
somn/o, somn/i, hypn/o
33
root for know
gnosi/o
34
root for excessive desire
-mania
35
root for excessive fear or sensitivity
phobia
36
root for slight or partial paralysis
paresis
37
root for muscle tone, tension, pressure
ton/o
38
root for arrangement, order, coordination
tax/o
39
root for paralysis
plegia
40
root for weakness
asthenia
41
Patients with peripheral nervous system complaints have problems with the
signals being sent to the brain
42
inability to speak
aphasia
a/ phas/ ia
not/speaking/condition
43
lack of coordination
ataxia
a/taxia
no/coordination
44
condition characterized by reduced muscle tone
catatonia
cata/ton/ia
down/muscle/tone
45
brief loss of mental function
delirium
46
loss/decline in mental function
dementia
de/ment/ia
down/ mind/condition
47
difficulty moving
dyskinesia
dys/kinesia
bad/movement
48
difficulty reading
dyslexia
dys/lex/ia
bad/reading/condition
49
difficulty speaking
dysphasia
dys/phas/ia
bad/speaking/condition
50
condition characterized by involuntary muscle movements
dystonia
dys/ton/ia
bad/muscle tone/condition
51
inability to sleep
insomnia
in/somn/ia
not/sleeping/condition
52
muscle twitching
myoclonus
myo/clonus
muscle/turmoil
53
involuntary muscle contraction
myospasm
myo/spasm
muscle/involuntary contraction
54
nerve weakness
neurasthenia
neur/asthenia
nerve/weakness
55
sleep walking
somnambulism
somn/ambul/ism
sleep/walk/condition
56
fainting; losing consciousness due to temporary loss of blood flow to brain
syncope
57
head pain
cephalalgia
cephal/algia
head/pain
58
head pain
cephalodynia
cephalo/dynia
head/pain
59
brain pain
encephalalgia
encephal/algia
brain/pain
60
nerve pain
neuralgia
neur/algia
nerve/pain
61
nerve pain
neurodynia
neuro/dynia
nerve pain
62
partial paralysis on half the body
hemiparesis
hemi/paresis
half/partial paralysis
63
paralysis on half the body
hemiplegia
hemi/plegia
half/paralysis
64
partial paralysis of one limb
monoparesis
mono/paresis
one/partial paralysis
65
paralysis of one limb
monoplegia
mono/plegia
one/paralysis
66
complete loss of sensation and motor function
paralysis
67
partial paralysis characterized by varying degrees of sensation and motor function
paresis
68
painful sensation of burning
causalgia
caus/algia
burn/pain
69
bad feeling
dysesthesia
dys/esthesia
bad/senstation
70
increased sensation
hyperesthesia
hyper/esthesia
over/sensation
71
abnormal sensation (numbness or tingling in the skin)
paresthesia
par/esthesia
bedside/sensation
72
false sensation
pseudesthesia
pseud/esthesia
false/sensation
73
condition where one sensation is experienced as another
synesthesia
syn/esthesia
together/sensation
74
fear of heights
acrophobia
acro/phobia
heights/excessive fear
75
fear of outdoor spaces
agoraphobia
agora/phobia
marketplace/ excessive fear
76
fear of water
hydrophobia
hydro/phobia
water/excessive fear
77
desire to steal
kleptomania
klepto/mania
theft/excessive desire
78
excessive sensitivity to light
photophobia
light/excessive sensitivity
79
desire to set fire
pyromania
pyro/mania
fire/excessive desire
80
procedure used to examine the brain using sound waves
echoencephalography
echo/encephalo/graphy
echo/brain/writing procedure
81
procedure used to examine the electrical activity of the brain
electroencephalography (EEG)
electro/encephalo/graphy
electricity/brain/writing procedure
82
inserting a needle into the lumbar region of the spine in order to collect spinal fluid, commonly called a spinal tap
lumbar puncture
lumb/ar puncture
lower back pertaining to
83
procedure used to examine blood vessels in the brain
cerebral angiography
cerebr/al angio/graphy
brain/pertaining to vessel/writing procedure
84
procedure used to examine blood vessels
angiography
angio/graphy
vessel/writing procedure
85
image of the spinal cord, usually done using x-ray
myelogram
myelo/gram
spinal cord/ record
86
an imaging procedure that uses radiation (positrons) to produce cross sections of the brain
positron emission tomography (PET) scan
e/mission tomo/graphy
out/send cut/writing procedure
87
an imaging technique that produces an image of the brain using sound waves sent through the skull
transcranial Doppler sonography
trans/cranial Doppler sono/ graphy
through /skull Doppler sound/writing procedure
88
inflammation of the cerebellum
cerebellitis
cerebell/itis
cerbellum/inflammation
89
wasting away of brain tissue
cerebral atrophy
cerebr/al a/trophy
brain/pertaining to no/nourishment
90
inflammation of the dura
duritis
dur/itis
dura/inflammation
91
hernia of the brain (normally through a defect in the skull)
encephalocele
encephalo/cele
brain/hernia
92
a tumorlike mass made up of blood
hematoma
hemat/oma
blood/tumor
93
a hematoma beneath the skull
cranial hematoma
crani/al hemat/oma
skull/pertaining to bleeding/tumor
94
a hematoma located on top of the dura
epidural hematoma
epi/dur/al hemat/oma
upon/dura/pertaining to blood/tumor
95
a hematoma located inside the brain
intracerebral hematoma
intra/cerebr/al hemat/oma
inside/brain/pertaining to blood/tumor
96
a hematoma located beneath the dura
subdural hematoma
sub/dur/al hemat/oma
under/dura/pertaining to blood/tumor
97
abnormally large head
macrocephaly
macro/cephal/y
large/head/condition
98
abnormally small head
microcephaly
micro/cephal/y
small/head/condition
99
a hernia of the meninges
meningocele
meningo/cele
meninges/hernia
100
a hernia of the spinal cord
myelocele
myelo/cele
spinal cord/hernia
101
abnormal softening of the spinal cord
myelomalacia
myelo/malacia
spinal cord/softening
102
a hernia of the spinal cord and the meninges
myelomeningocele
myelo/meningo/cele
spinal cord/meninges/hernia
103
nerve inflammation
neuritis
neur/itis
nerve/inflammation
104
a nerve tumor
neuroma
neur/oma
nerve/tumor
105
hardening of nerves
neurosclerosis
neuro/scler/osis
nerve/hardening/condition
106
inflammation of multiple nerves
polyneuritis
poly/neur/itis
many/nerve/inflammation
107
inability to comprehend
agnosia
a/gnos/ia
not/knowledge/condition
108
lack of emotion
apathy
a/path/y
no/suffering/condition
109
increase in muscle movement or activity
hyperkinesia
hyper/kinesia
over/movement
110
nerve weakness
neurasthenia
neur/asthenia
nerve weakness
111
deficiency of sugar that interferes with normal brain activity
neuroglycopenia
neuro/glyco/penia
nerve/sugar/deficiency
112
involuntary back and forth eye movements
nystagmus
113
inability to recognize faces
prosopagnosia
prosop/a/gnos/ia
face/no/knowledge/condition
114
doctor who specializes in anesthesiology
anesthesiologist
an/esthesio/logist
no/sensation/specialist
115
a nerve that carries impulses toward the central nervous system
afferent nerve
af/ferent nerve
toward/carry
116
a nerve that carries impulses away from the central nervous system
efferent nerve
ef/ferent nerve
away/carry
117
originating from/created by nerves
neurogenic
neuro/gen/ic
nerve/creation/pertaining to
118
doctor who specializes in the treatment of the mind
psychiatrist
psych/iatrist
mind/specialist
119
branch of medicine that focuses on the treatment of the mind
psychiatry
psych/iatry
mind/specialty
120
originating in/created by the mind
psychogenic
psycho/gen/ic
mind/creation/pertaining to
121
doctor who specializes in the study of the mind
psychologist
psycho/logist
mind/specialist
122
branch of medicine that focuses on the study of the mind
psychology
psycho/logy
mind/study
123
pertaining to the relationship between the body and the mind
psychosomatic
psycho/somat/ic
mind/body/pertaining to
124
having no known cause or origin
idiopathic
idio/path/ic
private/disease/pertaining to
125
time between seizures
interictal
inter/ictal
between/seizure
126
time after a seizure
postictal
post/ictal
after/seizure
127
time before a seizure
preictal
pre/ictal
before/seizure
128
pertaining to muscle tone (normally weak or unresponsive )
tonic
ton/ic
tone/pertaining to
129
muscle spasm or twitching
clonus
130
a seizure characterized by both a tonic and a clonic phase
tonic-clonic seizure
ton/ ic clon/ic
muscle/pertaining to spasm/pertaining to
131
an accident involving the blood vessels of the brain
cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
cerebro/vascul/ar
brain/blood vessel/ pertaining to
132
loss of brain function caused by interruption of blood flow/supply to the brain
stroke
133
a stroke where the blood loss is caused by the rupture of a blood vessel
hemorrhagic stroke
hemo/rrhag/ic
blood/excessive bleeding/pertaining to
134
a stroke where the blood loss is caused by a blockage
ischemic
isch/em/ic
hold back/ blood/pertaining to
135
a "mini-stroke" caused by the blockage of a blood vessel, which resolves (goes away) within 24 hours
transient ischemic attack (TIA)
trans/ient isch/ em/ ic
across/go hold back/blood/pertaining to
136
a disease of the blood vessels of the brain
cerebrovascular disease
cerebro/vascul/ar
brain/blood vessel/pertaining to
137
the widening or abnormal dilation of a blood vessel in the brain
cerebral aneurysm
cerebr/al an/eury/sm
brain/pertaining to out/wide/ condition
138
the hardening of an artery in the brain
cerebral arteriosclerosis
cerebr/al arterio/scler/osis
brain/pertaining to artery/hardening/condition
139
the hardening of an artery in the brain caused by the buildup of fatty plaque
cerebral atherosclerosis
cerebr/al athero/scler/osis
brain/pertaining to fatty/hardening/condition
140
the blockage of a blood vessel in the brain caused by a foreign object (embolus) such as fat or bacteria
cerebral embolism
cerebr/al embol/ ism
brain/pertaining to stopper/condition
141
the blockage of a blood vessel in the brain caused by a blood clot
cerebral thrombosis
cerebr/al thromb/osis
brain/pertaining to clot/condition
142
abnormal softening of the skull
craniomalacia
cranio/malacia
skull/softening
143
abnormal hardening of the skull
craniosclerosis
cranio/scler/osis
skull/hardening/condition
144
abnormal narrowing of the skull
craniostenosis
cranio/sten/osis
skull/narrow/condition
145
premature fusing of the skull bones
craniosynostosis
cranio/syn/ost/osis
skull/together/bone/condition
146
abnormal accumulation of spinal fluid in the brain
hydrocephaly
hydro/cephal/y
water/head/condition
147
a tumor arising from astrocyte glial cells
astrocytoma
astro/cyt/oma
star/cell/tumor
148
ganglion tumor
ganglioma
ganglion/tumor
149
a brain tumor arising from glioblast cells
giloblastoma
gilo/blast/oma
glue/sprout/tumor
150
tumor of the meninges
meningioma
meningi/oma
meninges/tumor
151
inflammation of the cerebellum
cerebellitis
cerebell/itis
cerebellum/inflammation
152
inflammation of the brain and meninges
cerebromeningitis
cerebro/mening/itis
brain/meninges/inflammation
153
inflammation of the brain
encephalitis
encephal/itis
brain/inflammation
154
inflammation of the brain and spinal cord
encephalomyelitis
encephalo/myel/itis
brain/spinal cord/inflammation
155
disease of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
encephalomyeloneuropathy
encephalo/myelo/neuro/pathy
brain/spinal cord/nerve/disease
156
disease of the brain
encephalopathy
encephalo/pathy
brain/disease
157
a pus-filled abscess in the brain
encephalopyosis
encephalo/py/osis
brain/pus/condition
158
inflammation of a ganglion
gangliitis
gangli/itis
ganglion inflammation
159
excessive bleeding inside the brain
intracerebral hemorrhage
intra/cerebr/al hemo/rrhage
inside/brain/pertaining to blood/excessive bleeding
160
disease of the meninges
meningopathy
meningo/pathy
meninges/disease
161
inflammation of the meninges
meningitis
mening/itis
meninges/inflammation
162
inflammation of the meninges and brain
meningoencephalitis
meningo/encephal/itis
meninges/brain/inflammation
163
inflammation of the spinal cord
myelitis
myel/itis
spinal cord/inflammation
164
defective formation of the spinal cord
myelodysplasia
myelo/dys/plas/is
spinal cord/bad/formation/condition
165
disease of the spinal cord
myelopathy
myelo/pathy
spinal cord/ disease
166
disease of the joint associated with nerves
neuroarthropathy
neuro/arthro/pathy
nerve/joint/disease
167
disease of the nerves, brain, and spinal cord
neuroencephalomyelopathy
neuro/encephalo/myelo/pathy
nerve/brain/spinal cord/ disease
168
disease of the nervous system
neuropathy
neuro/pathy
nerve/disease
169
inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord
poliomyelitis
polio/myel/itis
gray/spinal cord/inflammation
170
disease affecting multiple nerves
polyneuropathy
poly/neuro/pathy
many/nerve/disease
171
a degenerative disease of the central nervous system causing loss of muscle control. Hardening of nerve cells on the sides of the spine leading to the loss of muscle tissue from dis use
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
a/myo/troph/ic lateral scler/osis
not/muscle/nourishment/pertaining to side hardening/ condition
172
an eating disorder characterized by the patient's restricting food or refusing to eat
anorexia
an/orex/ia
no/appetite/condition
173
a psychiatric disorder characterized by difficulties in social communication and interaction, as well as repetitive and/or restrictive patterns of behavior or interests. The term originated in the mistaken idea that the patient was focused only on the self
autism
aut/ism
self/condition
174
an eating disorder characterized by overeating and usually followed by forced purging or getting rid of food (e.g. forced vomiting)
bulimia
bu/lim/ia
ox/hunger/condition
175
paralysis caused by damage to the area of the brain responsible for movement
cerebral palsy
cerebr/al palsy
brain/pertaining to paralysis
176
a negative emotional state
dysphoria
dys/phor/ia
bad/carry/condition
177
a disease marked by seizures
epilepsy
epi/lepsy
upon/seize
178
a positive emotional state
euphoria
eu/phor/ia
good/carry/condition
179
a mental state just below mania
hypomania
hypo/mania
over/excessive anger
180
a psychiatric disorder characterized by alternating bouts of excitement and depression
manic depression (bipolar disorder)
excitement /depression
181
muscle weakness
myasthenia
my/asthenia
muscle/weakness
182
a disease characterized by sudden, uncontrolled sleepiness
narcolepsy
narco/lepsy
sleep/seize
183
a mental illness
psychopathy
psycho/pathy
mind/disease
184
a mental illness characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and disordered speech
schizophrenia
schizo/phren/ia
divide/mind/condition
185
a nerve condition
neurosis
neur/osis
nerve/ condition
186
a mind condition
psychosis
psycho/osis
mind/condition
187
a drug that causes loss of sensation
anesthetic
an/esthetic
not/sensation
188
anesthetic that causes complete loss of consciousness
general anesthetic
189
anesthetic that does not affect consciousness
local anesthetic
190
anesthetic that is injected into a nerve causing loss of sensation over a particular area
regional anesthetic
191
local anesthesia applied to the surface of the area to be anesthetized
topical anesthetic
192
anesthetic applied in the dural region of the spinal cord
epidural anesthetic
193
a drug that relieves pain
analgesic
an/alge/sic
not/pain/agent
194
a drug that opposes convulsions
anticonvulsant
anti/convuls/ant
against/ convulsion/agent
195
a drug that opposes depression
antidepressant
anti/depress/ant
against/depression/agent
196
a drug that opposes psychoses
antipsychotic
anti/psycho/tic
against/psychosis/agent
197
a drug that lessens anxiety
anxiolytic
anxio/lytic
anxiety/breakdown agent
198
a drug that aids sleep
hypnotic
hypno/tic
sleep/agent
199
the study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system
neuropharmacology
neuro/pharmaco/logy
nerve/drug/study
200
the study of the effects of drugs on mental process
psychopharmacology
psycho/pharmaco/logy
mind/drug/study
201
drugs that are able to turn the mind
psychotropic
psycho/trop/ic
mind/turn/agent
202
a drug that dissolves clots
thrombolytic
thrombo/lytic
clot/breakdown agent
203
incision into the brain
cerebrotomy
cerebro/tomy
brain/incision
204
treatment using chemicals
chemotherapy
chemo/therapy
chemical/treatment
205
removal of a piece of the skull
craniectomy
crani/ectomy
skull/removal
206
incision into the skull
craniotomy
cranio/tomy
skull/incision
207
removal of the inside of an artery
endarterectomy
end/arter/ectomy
inside/artery/removal
208
surgery on the nervous system performed by entering the body through blood vessels
endovascular neurosurgery
endo/vascul/ar neuro/surgery
inside/ vessel/pertaining to nerve/surgery
209
removal of a lobe
lobectomy
lob/ectomy
lobe/ removal
210
incision into a lobe
lobotomy
lobo/tomy
lobe/incision
211
removal of a nerve
neurectomy
neur/ectomy
nerve/removal
212
destruction of nerve tissue
neurolysis
neuro/lysis
nerve/loose
213
reconstruction of a nerve
neuroplasty
neuro/plasty
nerve/reconstruction
214
suturing of a nerve (often the severed ends of a nerve)
neurorrhaphy
neuro/rrhaphy
nerve/suture
215
incision into a nerve
neurotomy
neuro/tomy
nerve/incision
216
attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
ADHD
217
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease)
ALS
218
central nervous system
CNS
219
cerebral palsy
CP
220
cerebrospinal fluid
CSF
221
cerebrovascular accident
CVA
222
electroencephalogram
EEG
223
electromyogram
EMG
224
intracranial pressure
ICP
225
level of consciousness
LOC
226
lumbar puncture
LP
227
magnetic resonance angiography
MRA
228
multiple sclerosis
MS
229
obsessive compulsive disorder
OCD
230
positron emission tomography
PET
231
peripheral nervous system
PNS
232
transient ischemic attack
TIA
