how parts of brain are functioning - by chemical activity - metabolism

CH 56 Flashcards by Marcie Dodd

What is mental health?

The ability to:

be flexible
be successful
form close relationships
make appropriate judgements
cope with daily stress
have a positive sense of self

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What is mental illness?

Impaired ability to:
 -think, feel, make sound judgements, to adapt
Difficulty coping:
 -with realty 
 -and forming relationships

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Nursing assessment in mental health includes…

appearance and behavior
level of awareness and reality orientation
thinking/ content of thought
memory
speech and ability to communicate
mood and affect
Judgement
perception

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What diagnostic tool is mostly used in mental health?

DSM-IV-TR
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
4th edition, text revision

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Lab tests that can rule out physical illness vs. mental illness

Electrolyte imbalances
hypothyroidism
infections
dehydration
drug toxicity
pregnancy

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CT scans and MRIs can rule out

tumors
lesions
other physical problems

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PET scans can show..

how parts of brain are functioning

by chemical activity
metabolism

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What are neologisms?

words the pt makes up

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What is coping?

the way one adapts psychologically, physically, and behaviorally to a stressor

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What is adaption?

the process of effective coping

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What is an ego defense mechanisms?

unconsciously fall into habits that give the illusion of coping

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Coping behaviors are often learned by what age?

Age 10

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Denial

Ego-defense mechanism

First defense learned and used

Unconscious refusal to see reality

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Repression (stuffing)

Ego-defense mechanism

Uncounscious “burying” or “forgetting”

Excludes or withhold from consciousness events that are unbearable

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Rationalization

Ego-defense mechanism

Using logical-sounding excuse to cover up true thoughts and feelings
Most frequently used

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Compensation

Ego-defense mechanism

Making up for something perceived as an inadequacy by developing some other desirable trait

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Reaction Formation (overcompensating) 
Ego-defense mechanism

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Similar to compensation, but person develops exact opposite trait

Regression

Ego-defense mechanism

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Emotionally returning to an earlier time in life when patient experienced less stress.
commonly seen in patients hospitalized

Projection (scapegoating)

Ego-defense mechanism

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Blaming others

Mental or verbal “finger pointing” another for own problem

Displacement (transference)

Ego-defense mechanism

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Transferring anger and hostility to another person/object that is perceived less powerful then self
“kick-the-dog-syndrome”

Restitution (undoing)

Ego-defense mechanism

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Makes amends for behavior one thinks is unacceptable

Attempt to reduce guilt

Conversion reaction

Ego-defense mechanism

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Anxiety channeled into physical symptoms

-symptoms disappear after threat is over

Avoidance

Ego-defense mechanism

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Unconsciously staying away from events or situations that may cause feelings of aggression or anxiety

What is cognitive ability?

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ability to think rationally and to process those thoughts

Therapeutic communication includes:

Verbal and nonverbal

Communication blocks

``` Asking "why" False assurance "everything will be alright" Passing judgement Double-blinded messages Giving advice ```

What does therapeutic milieu environment provide?

``` containment support structure involvement validation ```

What is psychopharmacology?

use of medications to treat psychological disorders - medications manage symptoms - more receptive, able to focus on other therapy

What is psychotherapy and goals of psychotherapy?

term used to describe form of treatment - Reduce pts emotional discomfort - Increase level of social functioning - Increase ability to behave in appropriate manner.

What is psychoanalysis?

developed by Sigmund Freud -Anxiety is primary motivation for behavior -All behavior has meaning Therapy gives insight to unconscious source of problems

What are the etiologies of mental illness?

organic vs. Inorganic | Nature vs. nutrure

Clarifying the meaning of events, feelings, and behavior gives the patient _________

insight | *done in psychoanalysis

What is behavior management, or behavior modification?

Studies from Skinner and Pavlov - all behavior is learned - can be unlearned * changed with positive or negative reinforcement

What is positive reinforcement?

act of rewarding patient with something pleasant when desired behavior if performed

What is negative reinforcement?

act of responding to undesired behavior by taking away privilege or adding responsibility. ****informed consent is advised with this therapy

What is Cognitive behavioral therapy?

Ways to rethink situations

What is person-centered/humanistic therapy?

Developed by Abraham Maslow & Carl Rogers - TX focuses on whole person - Works in "present" "here and now" - Pt learns to see self as person with value and worth

What is empathy?

ability to identify with pt's feelings without actually experiencing them with patient

What is sympathy?

ability to identify with its feelings because you've been there before

What is ECT and when is it used?

Electoconvulsive therapy - electric current through brain to produce tonic-clonic seizures (grand mal) -believed to inc. circulating neurotransmitters ~serotonin, norepin, dopamine -Acts like antidepressants ***for severely depressed pts. who do not respond to psytropic meds, certain types of schizophrenia

ECT procedure

Informed consent NPO 4 hrs 30 mins before: meds to dry secretions and counteract stimulation of vagus nerve (--->bradycardia & syncope) Short-acting stimulant & smooth muscle relaxant Blood pressure cuff on lower limb BP and pulse monitored closely Pure oxygenation Seizure should last 30 seconds for effective tx

Side effects of ECT

usually temporally confused and forgetful muscle soreness

CH 56 Flashcards

(42 cards)