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EXAM 3 > CH 57 > Flashcards

CH 57 Flashcards

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1
Q

Stress from a positive experience is called

A

eustress

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2
Q

What is a stressor?

A

any person or situation that produces an anxiety response

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3
Q

What is anxiety?

A

an uncomfortable feeling of dread in response to extreme or prolonged periods of stress
Classified as :
-Mild (considered normal to change and new ways to cope)
-Moderate
-Severe

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4
Q

Free floating anxiety vs Signal anxiety

A

Free floating: general feeling of impending doom

Signal: uncomfortable response to know stressor

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5
Q

Psychoanalytical theorists believe anxiety….

ETIOLOGY THEORIES

A

is a conflict between Id and superego

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6
Q

Biological theorists believe anxiety is…

ETIOLOGY THEORIES

A

Sympathoadrenal (fight or flight response)

Lack of neurotransmitter GABA

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7
Q

Anxiety disorders include:

A 
Phobias
Panic disorder
Generalized anxiety disorder
OCD
PTSD
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8
Q

What is a simple-phobia?

A

Irrational fears of specific objects of situations

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9
Q

What are social phobias?

A

persistent fear of behaving or perfuming in a manner that may be humiliating to embarrassing.

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10
Q

What is the most common anxiety disorder?

A

Phobias

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11
Q

The psychoanalytic view on phobias….

A

not really the object that is feared, but a defense mechanism called displacement
-watched movie, saw someone die of snake bite. not really afraid of snakes but of dying

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12
Q

What is panic?

A

Panic is a state of extreme fear that cannot be controlled

-Panic attack

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13
Q

Panic disorder symptoms include

A 
Fear of unknown about self situations
Feelings of impending doom
Dissociation
Nausea
Diaphoresis
Chest pain
Palpitations
Shaking
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14
Q

To be given a diagnosis of panic disorder..

A

one must exhibit several episodes when specific timeframe

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15
Q

What is generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?

A

the anxiety itself is the expressed symptom.

Pts worries about everything

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16
Q

Symptoms of GAD

A 
Restlessness or feeling "on edge"
Shaking
Palpations
Dry mouth
N/V
Easy frightened
Hot flashes/ chills
muscle aches
Hypervigilance
Poly uria
Difficulty swallowing
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17
Q

What is hypervigilance?

A

excessive attention to stimuli

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18
Q

What is OCD?

A

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Obsession: repetitive thought , urge or emotion
Compulsion: repetitive act that may feel purposeful

*performing action reduces anxiety

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19
Q

OCD tx includes

A

cognitive behavioral therapy

medications *fluoxetine

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20
Q

What is PTSD?

A

Post-traumatic stress disorder

Response to unexpected emotional/physical trauma when there was a real threat of death or harm

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21
Q

Who is at risk for PTSD?

A

Rape victims
War veterans
Terrorists acts

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22
Q

What is survivor guilt?

A

Feeling of guilt expressed by those who have survived a tragedy
“Why me”

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23
Q

Symptoms of PTSD

A 
Flashbacks (sounds and smells may trigger)
Social withdrawal
Feelings of low self esteem
Changes in relationships with significant others
Difficulty forming new relationships
Hypervigilance
Irritability or outburst
Depression
Chemical dependency
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24
Q

Benzodiazepines in anxiety disorders

Study These Flashcards
A

Xanax (alprazolam)
Ativan (lorazapam)

*used short term because of chemical dependency

25
Medications used for longer term therapy in anxiety disorders
``` Buspar (buspirone) Klonopin (clonazepam) SSRIs: Paxil (paroxetine) Zoloft (sertraline) Antihistimine hyrdoxyzine hydrochloride: ATARAX Antihypertensive: Catapres (Clonidine) ```
26
What is systematic desensitization?
pt exposed gradually to object that causes anxiety | -rating fear 0-10
27
What physical symptoms should a nurse look out for with anxiety disorder pts?
Changes in vital signs diaphoresis Tremor
28
Nursing interventions for patients with anxiety disorders?
``` Assist with identifying patterns Maintain calm milieu and manner Open communication Positive self talk Doc. any changes in behavior Encourage activities Problem solving Stay with pt during all levels of anxiety Suicide percautions ```
29
What are mood disorders, also called affective disorders?
Major symptom is extreme change in mood and affect - bipolar disorders - depressive disorders
30
What is affect?
outward expression of mood
31
What is anhedonia?
loss of pleasure in things usually found enjoyable
32
Symptoms of major depression include...
``` depressed mood/anhedonia and atleast 5 of these: -significant wt. loss or gain -inc./dec. appetite -insomnia/hypersomnia -inc. fatigue -dec. libido -Anergia -social withdrawal -dec ability to think, remember, concentrate -guilt or hopelessness, suicidal ideation ```
33
What is bipolar?
Called manic depressive illness Mania and extreme depression Mood changes can be slow or "rapid cycles"
34
Major depression can also be called?
unipolar
35
What are symptoms of mania
``` *Extreme elation or agitation excessive euphoric moods Inc. energy, activity, restlessness dec. need for sleep Grandiosity (unrealistic belief in one's abilities/powers) Irritability/distractibility Uncharastic poor judgement Pressured/slurred speech Light of ideas/loose associations Goal-directed behavior Pleasurable activities with unpleasant consequences Obnoxious, provocative behavior ```
36
What is Lithium and considerations
Antimanic medication Narrow therapeutic range * dec sodium with dec. fluid intake= too much * Inc. sodium with inc. fluids = not enough. worsens S&S of mania
37
What mood stablizers are used in tx of bipolar disorder?
Lithium- not used as much Anticonvulsants: -Depakote (valporic acid) -lamictal (lamotrigine)
38
What are used in conjunction with mood stabilizers during a manic episode?
Atypical antipsychotics - risperdal - seroquel
39
Foods high in tyramine, that pt taking MOI's should avoid
``` bananas aged cheese yougart bologna/ salami/ pepperoni chocolate beer wine ```
40
What is a somatoform disorder?
Psychosomatic Physical symptoms occur with no known organic cause *unconscious mechanisms that develop to deny, repress, and displace anxiety
41
Conversion disorder is
the overuse of the conversion reaction defense mechanism. Loss/change in physical functioning *paralysis *blindness -Documented objectively
42
Primary gain vs secondary gain
Primary: symptom is relieving them of anxiety secondary: extra benefits of staying ill
43
Schizophrenia is characterized by
``` inability to distuinguish between: reality hallucinations delusions limited socialization ```
44
What are the 4 phases of schizophrenia?
Schizoid personality prodromal phase Schizophrenia residual phase
45
Schizoid personality would present as
indifferent, cold, aloof loners *not all schizoid personalities develop schizophrenia
46
During a prodromal phase a person will be:
``` social withdrawn behavior that is peculiar or eccentric Role function impaired hygiene is neglected disturbances in: communication, ideation, perception ```
47
Schizophrenia is the _____phase, symptoms include:
3rd/active phase psychotic symptoms delusions, hallucinations self care
48
During the residual phase symptoms are
similar to prodromal phase flat affect impairment in role functioning
49
Positive symptoms of schizophrenia
hallucinations delusions disorganized thinking and behavior
50
What are delusions?
fixed false beliefs that cannot be changed by factual proof
51
What are hallucinations?
false sensory perception | Auditory/visual are most common
52
What are illusions?
mistaken perceptions of reality
53
Positive symptoms of schizophrenia are treated with
both typical and atypical antipsychotic medications
54
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia
``` Affective blunting alogia (not able to speak) avolition (no initiative) apathy anhedonia social isolation ```
55
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia are treated with
only atypical antipsychotics
56
What neurotransmitter is increased in schizophrenia?
dopamine
57
What is paranoid schizophrenia?
Schizophrenia with unusual suspicions and fears | may be hostile/ aggressive
58
schizophrenia is treated with
antipsychotics | anticholinergics to control side effects

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