Ch. 5b Secondary Assessment

Question 1

what is in the secondary assessment

Answer 1

SAMPLE
OPQRST
head to toe
vitals (within 5 min)

Question 2

What are you doing when assessing the head

Answer 2

Observe for discharge
Assess pupil size
observe for bruising behing the ears
reassess airway
look for blood or clear fluid coming from the ears, nose or mouth

Question 3

what do raccoon eyes indicate

Answer 3

basal skull fx

Question 4

what are you looking for when assessing the neck

Answer 4

airway
tracheal deviation
jugular vein distension/flatness
cervical trauma

Question 5

what do you do if you suspect a pelvic fx

Answer 5

maintain manual stabilization until pelvic binder is attached

Question 6

timing of vitals

Answer 6

within 3-5 min after arrival
every 5 min
every 15 min if stable

Question 7

what are the 4 vital signs

Answer 7

pulse
vent rate
BP
Pulse ox

Question 8

normal pulse values

Answer 8

adult: 60-80bpm
child: 80-100bpm
toddler: 100-120
Athlete: 50-60

Question 9

interpretation of vent rate: rapid/shallow

Answer 9

shock
bleeding
heat exhaustion

Question 10

interpretation of vent rate: rapid/deep

Answer 10

cheyne-stokes, neurologic, metabolic

Question 11

interpretation vent rate: prolonged expiratiory

Answer 11

lower airway obstruction, asthma

Question 12

interpretation vent rate: prolonged inspiratory

Answer 12

upper airway obstruction

Question 13

interpretation vent rate: deep gasping laboured

Answer 13

obstructive, chest injury

Question 14

interpretation vent rate: absent

Answer 14

obstructive
respiratory arrest
many cases

Question 15

BP systolic range

Answer 15

female 20-50yo: 90mmHg + age
male 20-50 yo: 100mmHg + age

Question 16

BP diastolic range

Answer 16

around 80 mmHg

Question 17

normal difference btw sys and dias

Answer 17

50 mmHg

Question 18

If no cuff available for BP

Answer 18

Radial: at least 80 sys
Femoral: at least 70 sys
carotid: at least 60 sys

Question 19

SPO2 normal range

Answer 19

95-100%

Question 20

problematic saturation

Answer 20

< 90%

Question 21

do not start O2 therapy above

Answer 21

93%

Question 22

Stop O2 therapy no higher than

Answer 22

96%

Question 23

no supplemental O2 in what case

Answer 23

acute stroke/MI with sPO2 btw 93-100%

Question 24

Normal body temp

Answer 24

37ºC /98.6ºF

Question 25

oral and rectal temps measure

Answer 25

3 min

Question 26

why rectal temp

Answer 26

more accurate in thermo-regulatory emergencies

Question 27

contraindications of rectal temp

Answer 27

cardiac issues (vagal nerve stim)
hemorroids
recent rectal surgery
diarrhea

Question 28

skin colour interpretation :red

Answer 28

burn
fever
allergic rx
heat stroke
hypertensive

Question 29

skin colour interpretation: blue

Answer 29

cyanosis
hypoxemia
vasoconstriction
cold
shock

Question 30

skin colour interpretation: yellow

Answer 30

jaundice

Question 31

skin colour interpretation: mottled

Answer 31

CV embarassment

Question 32

What can affect PERRLA

Answer 32

concussion

Question 33

whats is the GSC of a concussion

Answer 33

14
can indicate life-threatening TBI

Question 34

at what GSC do you intubate

Answer 34

8

Question 35

reaction to pain: abnormal flexion/extension

Answer 35

decorticate
decerebrate

Question 36

vitals signs

Answer 36

Question 37

Vitals interpretation: physiological shock

Answer 37

dec BP
inc PR
inc VR

Question 38

Vitals interpretation: neurogenic shock

Answer 38

dec BP
no change in PR

Question 39

vitals interpretation : cushings signs

Answer 39

inc BP
dec PR
inc TEMP
inc intracranial pressure