Ch. 6b Respiratory Emergencies

Question 1

causes for respiratory distress

Answer 1

hyperventilation
asthma
anaphylaxis
chest injury

Question 2

S&S respiratory distress

Answer 2

Abnormal breathing: slow, rapid, deep, shallow, wheezing, gurgling, high-pitched, silent
Abnormal skin colour: unusually moist, flushed, pale, ashen, bluish

Question 3

Dyspnea

Answer 3

seek cause
medical history
trauma

Question 4

general treatment for dyspnea

Answer 4

loosen clothing
semi-sitting/tripod position
O2 depending on spo2

Question 5

Hyperventilation syndrome

Answer 5

rapid breathing

Question 6

cause of hyperventilation

Answer 6

often young female
often emotional triggered : fear/anxiety
head inj, severe bleeds, high fever, heart failure, lung disease, diabetic

Question 7

hyperventilation tx

Answer 7

calm down
attempt to slow down breathing
breathe in cupped hands
give O2 if necessary
prepare to ventilate

Question 8

bronchitis

Answer 8

excessive mucous secretions
inflammatory changes
S&S sob, cough with sputum

Question 9

emphysema

Answer 9

chronic
lungs unable to effectively exchange o2/co2
S&S: sob, difficult exhalation, cough, cyanosis, fever, restless, confused, weak
tx: vent, careful with hyperoxygenation

Question 10

asthma

Answer 10

4x increase in past 20y
12% children, 8% adults

Question 11

asthma etiologie

Answer 11

allergies
cold dry air
histamine
exercise
psych

Question 12

asthma pathogenesis

Answer 12

m. contraction
inflammatory reaction
inc mucus prod.
inc mucus viscosity
dec air exchange due to spams, swelling, secretions

Question 13

asthma S&S

Answer 13

wheezing on exhalation
difficulty breathing (exhalation)
chest tightness
ineffective cough
headache
tight/irritated throat
mild cyanosis

Question 14

asthma distress

Answer 14

cyanotic +++
inc pulse
inc med use
difficulty to talk
audible wheeze
accessory m. use
dec LOC

Question 15

asthma tx

Answer 15

Question 16

asthma green zone

Answer 16

no symptoms
usual activities
peak flow 80% of PB
maintain medication use as is

Question 17

asthma yellow zone

Answer 17

some symptoms
woken up at night
can only do some of usual activities
peak flow btw 50-80% of PB
action: take extra puffs of med, adjust dose (md direction)

Question 18

asthma red zone

Answer 18

asthma attack - need immediate care
S&S:
very short of breath
meds not helping
can’t do usual activities
in yellow zone for at least 24h
symptoms same or getting worse
PEF less than 50% of PB

CALL 911

Question 19

Call 911 if in red zone

Answer 19

> 15 min
cyanotic
hard to talk/walk
epipen if severe /airway closing up

Question 20

can coffee help with asmtha

Answer 20

yes if nothing else available

Question 21

opiod overdose

Answer 21

opioids are respiratory depressants which can lead to respiratory arrest and possibly cardio-respiratory arrest

Question 22

opioids AP

Answer 22

know medication taken by all your athletes
know s&S
have naloxone
have access to BVM/AED/assistant within 3 min

Question 23

Opioids S&S

Answer 23

unresponsive
breathing labored, snore-like, ineffective, absent
pupils constricted

Question 24

opioid intervention

Answer 24

911
EAP
SAMPLE
naloxone
bls
repeat naloxone every 3 min until responsive
recovery care
possible relapse
transfer to EMS

Question 25

Naloxone

Answer 25

opioid-specific antidote
temporarily reverse the effects of opioid overdose
safe, no health risk

Question 26

aim of nasal spout for naloxone

Answer 26

slightly lateral

Question 27

ventilation rate for a child

Answer 27

1 breath every 2-3 sec

Question 28

if pulse present without breathing, start ventilation with

Answer 28

pocket mask and progress to BVM

Question 29

first 2 breaths are given with or without OPA

Answer 29

withou

Question 30

% O2 in ambient air

Answer 30

21%, 90% in reservoir

Question 31

disadvantages of BVM

Answer 31

proper seal
head position
recommended 2 person skill
need practice
not always available

Question 32

hypoxia

Answer 32

insufficient oxygen supply to cells of the body

Question 33

S&S hypoxia

Answer 33

inc respiration and pulse
cyanosis
changes in LOC
restlessness
chest pain

Question 34

hyper-ventilation not recommended because

Answer 34

lowers CO2
causes alkalosis
prevents transfer of O2

Question 35

Nasal Canula

Answer 35

conscious pt w/ stable breathing
3-4 Lpm
21% o2 + 4% per L of flow rate

Question 36

NRB

Answer 36

breathing pt
prefill bag
10Lpm best
95-100% o2

Question 37

Full oxygen tank

Answer 37

2000 psi

Question 38

minimum psi for oxygen tank

Answer 38

800 psi

Question 39

change oxygen at

Answer 39

500 psi

Question 40

minimum pressure in tank to prevent damage

Answer 40

200 psi