Ch 6

Question 1

Catabolism breaking down

Answer 1

Process that decorates compounds to release energy’s
Cells can make ATP
Large molecules are broken down into smaller ones
Exergonic

Question 2

Anabolism building up

Answer 2

Biosynthetic process assemble subunits of macromolecules, spend ATP two drive reactions
Endergonic

Question 3

Microbial metabolism is important for humans

Answer 3

New fuel resources or biofuel
Used to make food such as yogurt, cheese, and bread
Bacterial metabolic processes that are unique to bacteria, maybe targets of anti-microbial medication’s
Model for laboratory studies, such as E. coli do the similar pathway in humans

Question 4

ATP adenosine triphosphate

Answer 4

The main energy currency of cells
Composed of ribose, adenine and three phosphate groups
three negatively charged phosphate groups repel, which intern causes the bonds inherently to become unstable, easily broken by hydrolysis and releases energy to drive cellular processes

Question 5

What do cells need to carry out metabolism

Answer 5

ATP and enzymes

Question 6

The role of enzymes

Answer 6

Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions within the cell
Biological catalyst, speed up conversions of substrate into a product without being altered
Can greatly increase the speed of a reaction reaction will occur, but would also be extremely slow
Enzymes are highly specific and selective about the reaction catalyzed

Question 7

Enzymes

Answer 7

Has an active site which substrate binds
Highly specific to a specific reaction substrate
And changed by the reaction

Question 8

Enzymes can be affected by

Answer 8

Temperature pH salt, regulators inhibitors
Enzymes have narrow range of optimal conditions

Question 9

While 10°C increases double the speed of endemic reaction of Maxximum the

Answer 9

Proteins denature, higher temperatures

Question 10

What is the optimal State for an enzyme?

Answer 10

PH of 7 to 8 and low salt

Question 11

Role of enzymes

Answer 11

Biological catalyst that speeds up conversions of South Street enter products by lowering activation energy

Question 12

Cofactors

Answer 12

Enzymes function summer in our Ganic ion, such as magnesium, zinc, copper

Question 13

Coenzymes

Answer 13

FAD NADH NADP

Question 14

Enzyme inhibitor

Answer 14

Site to which inhibitor binds determines the type, competitive inhibitor binds to Actisite enzyme
Chemical structure, usually similar to the substrate
Concentration dependent block substrate

Question 15

Photosynthetic micro organisms

Answer 15

Microorganisms, I get their energy from sunlight

Question 16

Chemoorganotrophs micro organisms

Answer 16

Obtain energy from metabolizing organic compounds like glucose

Question 17

So microorganisms can metabolize in organic matter

Answer 17

Atmospheric nitrogen N2
Hydrogen
Iron

Question 18

Bacteria can obtain energy and nutrients by performing

Answer 18

Photosynthesis which produces oxygen
Decomposing, dead organisms and waste organic compounds
Breaking down, chemical compounds like iron and ammonia

Question 19

Chemoautotroph

Answer 19

Prokaryotes that can use reduce inorganic compounds as sources of energy and carbon dioxide as a carbon source
Use inorganic compounds for aerobic or anaerobic, respiration, important example of nutrient cycling

Question 20

Energy source

Answer 20

Serves as an electron donor
Organic and inorganic compounds are used as an energy source

E. coli use organic compounds is glucose for energy
Chemolititrophs use hydrogen, sulfide, hydrogen, gas, or other inorganic molecules

Question 21

Terminal electron acceptor,

Answer 21

Chemical that ultimately receive the electron
02 and other molecules such as nitrate nitrate, and sulfite can be used as terminal electron acceptor in bacteria
Aerobic organisms use oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor
Anaerobic organisms do not use oxygen but other molecules

Question 22

Oxidation

Answer 22

Loss of electrons

Question 23

Reduction

Answer 23

Gain of electrons

Question 24

In cellular respiration glucose is oxidized and oxygen is reduced

Answer 24

Hydrogen is the source of electrons

Question 25

Energy from food, carbohydrates or glucose is converted into ATP energy via

Answer 25

Call sis

Question 26

Respiration high ATP yield

Answer 26

Aerobic with oxygen Anaerobic no oxygen

Question 27

Fermentation low atp yield

Answer 27

No oxygen

Question 28

Both respiration and fermentation

Answer 28

Involve coenzymes NAD or FAD which can carry electrons and protons When they carry electrons and protons they become NADH FAD2 which canal be called electron carriers Both pathways create ATP

Question 29

Role of electron carriers

Answer 29

Electron transport an electron carriers which represent reducing power, can easily be transferred to electrons with higher affinity for electrons

Question 30

The process to which a compound glucose oxidized using oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor, and resulting in a proton motive force

Answer 30

Aerobic, cellular respiration molecular oxygen is a final electron acceptor of the electron shells made a chain produces about 38 ATP in bacteria

Question 31

Aerobic cellular respiration, uses three pathways

Answer 31

Glycolysis the transition step and Krebs cycle tricarboxylic acid cycle Respiratory chain or electron transport chain

Question 32

Glycolysis

Answer 32

Breaks down glucose to pyruvate Celsius glycolysis to strip glucose of its electrons Glucose six carbon sugar is broken down into to pyruvate molecules or three carbon molecules The elections are used to 2NAD+ to 2NADH And a net of two ATP are made

Question 33

Transition step and tricarboxylic acid cycle or Krebs cycle

Answer 33

To private rate goes to two acetyl-CoA, which enter the Krebs cycle 2NADH And 2 CO2 The Krebs cycle produces 4 CO2 2ATP 6NADH 2FADH2

Question 34

Electron transport chain in aerobic cellular respiration

Answer 34

Makes the most ATP 34 ATP Electron carriers, NADH and FADH2 past electrons in chains This helps pump hydrogen ions out of the cell Which ultimately forms, a proton H gradient, or the electrochemical gradient Protons move across the membrane through ATP synthase to make a Oxygen is a final electron in a in acceptor

Question 35

Electron transport chain

Answer 35

Occurs in the cell five membrane of bacteria prokaryotes Occurs in the mitochondrial membrane of eukaryotes

Question 36

Chemiosmosis

Answer 36

Protons move across the membrane through ATP synthase to make ATP

Question 37

Is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?

Answer 37

Oxygen

Question 38

Aerobic respiration review

Answer 38

Happens with prokaryotes and eukaryotes uses 02 as the final electron acceptor And product is H2O Yields 38 ATP

Question 39

Aerobic respiration

Answer 39

Some bacteria can do this Inorganic molecules used as the final electron acceptor Final electron acceptor’s can be nitrate nitrate, sulfate ferric, iron, and more that have a lower electron affinity than oxygen And products include N two hydrogen sulfide ATP yield varies with organism that is less than 38. ATP

Question 40

Fermentation

Answer 40

Is metabolism that does not require Breaks down glucose Via glycolysis There is no Krebs cycle, TCA cycle, and no electron transport chain Create 2 ATP HER GLUCOSE MOLECULE FERMENTATION IN ALL ABOUT RECYCLING NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue to end products lactic acid, ethanol and CO2