Ch 6

Question 1

In computer terms:
Acquisition
Storage
Retrieval

Answer 1

Encoding or creating
Storing
Locating needed file

Question 2

Effective learning depends on————
Which means

Answer 2

How the info will later be retrieved
Acquisition and storage are interconnected

Question 3

New learning is grounded in ———-
Which means

Answer 3

Previously learned knowledge:
Acquisition and storage are interconnected

Question 4

The modal model

Answer 4

STM as a loading dock theory
Info passes through working memory on its way to long term memory. Info is then moved out of long term memory back to working memory for retrieval

Question 5

Iconic memory

Answer 5

Visual

Question 6

Echoing memory

Answer 6

Auditory

Question 7

Short term memory

Answer 7

Has been replaced by working memory
Now understood as a status or function rather than a place

Question 8

Long term memory

Answer 8

Vast repository containing all of your knowledge and beliefs, mostly made of what you aren’t currently working on

Question 9

Working vs long term memory
Duration
Capacity and size
Ease of entry
Ease of retrieval

Answer 9

Temporary and fragile - long lasting, enduring
Limited - enormous
Relatively easy - effort full
Relatively easy - can be difficult, slow, and even unsuccessful

Question 10

Retrieval from long term memory specifically activates the

Answer 10

Hippocampus

Question 11

Retrieval from working memory specifically activates the

Answer 11

Perirhinal cortex

Question 12

Digit span task

Answer 12

A way to test a person’s working memory
Series of numbers is read and must be immediately repeated back.
The list gets longer until memory fails.

Question 13

Digit span
Deff
Average estimated at
Addresses only
Also know as

Answer 13

The number of digits a person can repeat back
7 plus or minus 2
Working memory capacity
Static span measure

Question 14

Chunking reduces working memory _______ not _______

Answer 14

Load, capacity

Question 15

Operation span measures
Testing methods 2

Answer 15

Working memory when working memory is working
Reading span- have a person read a series of sentences then repeat back the last word of the sentences
Show equation - present an equation with a word. Person must say if the equation is correct or not and recall the word

Question 16

Which test most closely resembles what our working memories do in real life
Scores correlate with

Answer 16

Operation span
Standardized academic tests (SAT), reasoning tests, reading comprehension tests

Question 17

Executive control processes
Location
What it do, 3

Answer 17

Working memory
Governs the selection and sequencing of thoughts,
helps a person make decisions and plan responses
helps in coordination of actions or thoughts within a task

Question 18

Articulatory rehearsal loop
What
Does
Deals with
Uses,2

Answer 18

One of working memory’s helpers
Holds onto info while central executive focuses on more complex tasks
speech based material
Subvocalization
And phonological buffer

Question 19

Phonological buffer
What is
Used in

Answer 19

a passive storage system used for holding a representation (internal echo) of sound
Working memory system

Question 20

Subvocalization
What
Used in

Answer 20

(silent speech) which launches the rehearsal loop
Working memory system

Question 21

Concurrent articulation task
Supports or proves
How it works
What it shows
Eliminates
Also effects

Answer 21

The model of the articulatory rehearsal loop
Person repeats syllables while complicating a verbal span task
Reduces WM capacity by utilizing the mechanisms for speech production and occupying g the areas of the brain that would otherwise be activating the articulatory rehearsal loop
Sound alike errors
Results of the digit span task

Question 22

Visuospatial buffer

Answer 22

Helps remember visual material

Question 23

Episodic buffer
Apparently unaffected by

Answer 23

Helps executive processes sequence info
Amnesia

Question 24

Verbal memory activates what part of the brain
Spatial memory

Answer 24

Language centers
Parietal and visual areas

Question 25

2 types of rehearsal for LTM And defs

Answer 25

Maintenance rehearsal - practicing or repeating a word - rote mechanical process Relational or elaborating rehearsal - working with the info, enhancing social to meaning via the relationships you have with other info

Question 26

Incidental learning

Answer 26

Learning without the intention to learn

Question 27

Intentional learning

Answer 27

Deliberate learning, with the expectation that memory will be tested later

Question 28

Shallow processing Results with and without intent

Answer 28

Superficial engagement with material Ex is the word DOG in capital or lower case? About the same

Question 29

Deep processing Results with and without intent to learn

Answer 29

Requires thinking about the meaning of the material Ex does the word DOG fit into this sentence? She walked the ______ About the same

Question 30

__________ facilitates retrieval I’m deep processing Attention to meaning involves

Answer 30

Connections Thinking about relationships

Question 31

_________ encoding promotes retrieval Which means

Answer 31

Elaborate Words are more likely to be remembered if they’re in elaborate sentences Ex he cooked chicken vs the eagle swooped down and picked up the farmer’s chicken

Question 32

We memorize when

Answer 32

We find order or connections in the material

Question 33

Mnemonic

Answer 33

Strategies that improve memory through organization Ex First Letter Mnemonic: ROY G BIV, OCEAN

Question 34

Visualization strategies 3

Answer 34

Mental imagery- when trying to ember and eagle and a train, picture the eagle flying carrying a train Peg word systems- one is a bun, buns float in milk, I need milk. Two is a shoe, cheese block shaped like a shoe, I need cheese. Baddleys mnemonic- convert each digit to a word with that many letters: PIN number 1453- I need money now

Question 35

Memory is facilitated by 3

Answer 35

Organizing and understanding connections between ideas Contributions from memorizer Interconnections between acquisition, retrieval, and storage

Question 36

Contributions of the memorizer 2

Answer 36

What was the memorizer doing? Maintenance or elaborating rehearsal? What does the memorizer already know

Question 37

Effective learning depends on New learning is grounded in

Answer 37

How the info will later be retrieved Previously learned knowledge