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Anatomy & Phisiology > Ch 6 > Flashcards

Ch 6 Flashcards

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0
Q

Dynamic tissue that is always remodeling building up and breaking down

A

None

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1
Q

What are the six important functions of the skeletal system

A 
Provide support(Framework)
protection (organs)
assist the body movements 
mineral homeostasis 
participate in blood cell production 
store triglyceride
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2
Q

Two major tissues of the skeletal system

A

Bone and cartilage

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3
Q

A highly vascularized connected tissue with hard mineralized extracellular matrix found in two different arrangements in body

A

Bone

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4
Q

This type of bone is good at providing protection and support it forms the diaphysis of long bones and external layer of all bones

A

Compact bone

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5
Q

This type of bone is lightweight and provide tissue support forms much of the epiphisis and he internal cavity of long bones

A

Spongy bone

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6
Q

Thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers epiphysis of long bones

A

Articulate cartilage

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7
Q

Where is articular cartilage found

A

Where bones form an articular joint

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8
Q

What is the purpose of articular cartilage

A

Reduce friction

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9
Q

Poorly vascularized c. T. With matrix composed of chondroitin Sulfate

A

Cartilage

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10
Q

Fiber types distinguish _________from___________or________.

A

Hyaline fibrocartalige elastic

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11
Q

Tough outer sheath of dense irregular connective tissue on the outside of the bone

A

Periosteum

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12
Q

What is the inner osteogenic layer called

A

Osteoblasts

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13
Q

What direction do osteoblasts help bone grow?

A

Thickness NOT length

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14
Q

T/F osteoblasts help assist in fracture repairs

A

T

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15
Q

_______ cavity is a space within the diaphysis of long bones that contain fatty yellow bone marrow

A

Medullary

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16
Q

A membrane that line the medullary cavity

A

Edosteum

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17
Q

What is the endosteum composed of

A

Osteoclast osteoblasts C. T.

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18
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Bone building cells

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19
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature osteoblast

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20
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Large bone breaking down cells

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21
Q

Dense irregular C. T. membrane that surrounds cartilage

A

Perichondrium

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22
Q

Cells that form cartilage

A

Chondrocytes

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23
Q

What firms capillary walls

A

Epithelium

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24
Red bone marrow is found in...
Spongy bone
25
Yellow bone marrow is found in
Long bones
26
Red bone marrow =production of_______?
Blood cells
27
Yellow marrow adipose cells store?
Triglycerides
28
Diaphysis
Shaft/body of a long bone.
29
Epiphysis
Forms distal and proximal ends of a long bone
30
Metaphyses
Where epiphysis and diaphysis join
31
Humerus is what kind of bone
Long
32
Ex of Short bone
Carpal
33
Ex flat bone
Sternum
34
Ex irregular
Vertebra
35
Ex Sesmoid bone
Patella
36
Epithelial growth plate
Causes bones to elongate from both ends
37
T/F the epiphyseal cartilage is stil present in adults
F
38
What does the epiphyseal growth plate become?
Epiphyseal line
39
The medullary cavity is also know as
Marrow cavity
40
Osteoprogenitor cells
Bone stem cells
41
Concentric lamellae
Rings of calcified matrix
42
What is formed from concentric lamellae
Osteons
43
What encircles the bone beneath the periosteum
Outer circumferential lamellae
44
What encircles the medullary cavity?
Inner circumferential lamellae
45
Small space between the lamellae which houses osteocytes
Lacunae (lagoon)
46
Where are blood and lymphatic vessels found
Osteons Central canal
47
What supplies periosteum and compact bone?
Periosteal arteries veins and blood
48
_______is rich in Sensory nerves sensitive to tearing or tension
Periosteum
49
Intra-membranous ossification
Produced spongy bone | -may be remolded to produce compact bone.
50
A process where cartilage is replaced by bone
Endochondral ossification
51
What forms compact and spongy bone
Endochondral ossification
52
Used in forming flat bones of the | Skull mandible and medial clavicle
Intra-membranous ossification
53
How many zones are in an epiphyseal plate? And what are they?
``` 4 zones Zones of resting cartilage Zones of proliferating cartilage Zones of hypertrophic cartilage Zones of calcified cartilage ```
54
The zone that consists of small scattered chondrocytes-not involved w. Bone growths
Resting cartilage
55
Zone in which there are larger chondrocytes stacked like coins
Proliferating cartilage
56
Zone with large maturing chondrocytes
Hypertrophic cartilage
57
Zone that consists of dead chondrocytes bc EC matrix has calcified
Calcified cartilage
58
Where bone become abnormally thick
Acromegaly
59
Disease with Excessive loss in calcium
Osteoporosis
60
Disease where bones become soft
Rickets | Osteomalacia
61
What factors does normal bone metabolism depend on
Minerals Vitamins Hormones
62
Break in a bone
Fracture
63
Series of microscopic fissures in bone that form without any evidence of injury to other tissues
Stress fracture
64
Anatomical appearance of fractures
``` Partial Complete Closed Open green stick Impacted Comminuted Spiral Transverse Displaced ```
65
Features can be named by
Anatomical appearance Disease that produces fracture Pattern of injury
66
Steps in repair of bone fracture
1) reactive 2a) reparative: fibrocartaliginous callus formation 2b) reparative: bony calls formation 3) vibe remodeling phase
67
6-8hrs after injury formation of fracture hematoma-blood vessels breaking in periosteum and Osteons
Reactive phase
68
Takes place about 3 weeks after injury -soft callus
Repair fibrocartalige formation
69
Occurs 3-4 months after injury osteoblasts form a bony hard callus
Repair phase bony callus formations
70
Singh bone replaced by compact bone this occurs several months after injury
Bone remodeling phase

Anatomy & Phisiology (4 decks)

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