Ch. 6 Flashcards
(41 cards)
the process by which the brain uses information to create and manipulate mental representations
thinking
mental grouping of similar objects, ideas, or experiences
concepts
when you hear the term flower, you think of a rose. rose is your _______ of a flower.
prototype
a trapezoid is an example of a _________ concept
artificial
a mental representation of a physical space
cognitive map
when we are asked to think of a tree, few of us picture a giant cactus. this suggests that ______________
we frequently use prototypes for our natural concepts
_________ refers to the probability of a characteristic occurring in a general population.
base rate information
an awareness that our own thoughts may differ from other people’s thoughts is called ________.
theory of mind
“feed a cold, starve a fever” is an example of a _________.
heuristic
all of the following are part of the problem solving process except ________
a. identifying the problem
b. selecting a strategy
c. avoiding obstacles, such as biases
d. using hindsight to evaluate the solution
d. using hindsight to evaluate the solution
_______ is possibly time-consuming, but if followed correctly, it guarantees a solution; __________ is a quicker, more common-sense approach that works in most situations
an algorithm ; a heuristic
Harriet is planning the courses she needs for completion of her major. she identifies the courses taught only a year, then those that are taught by interesting professors, and then she looks at the times when the courses are available. what heuristic is she using?
breaking a large problem into smaller ones
it is registration day at the college. You know that you need to collect the proper form, fill them out with your chosen classes, get the form signed by your advisor, pay your fees, and obtain your ID card. This is your ________ for college registration.
script
A good way to solve a maze puzzle is by ___________.
working backwards
because it is a characteristic that is not directly observable but must be inferred from behavior, psychologists would say that intelligence is a _________ concept.
hypothetical
when Carla uses nail polish to keep the run in her stocking from getting longer, she is demonstrating her ability to overcome __________.
functional fixedness
Mary completed algebra one last year. Now, in algebra two, she tries to solve the problems in the same way she did last year. She cannot seem to use the strategies she has been taught. Mary is demonstrating _______________.
a mental set
According to Sternberg, ____________ involves using one’s intelligence toward a common good, rather than toward a selfish pursuit.
wisdom
can saw several news reports about a plane crash last month. Now he is much more frightened to fly to Daytona beach for spring break then to drive there. He is operating under the influence of ______________ bias.
availability
during the presidential election, most people watch the debate but did not change their minds. The debates most likely reinforce their previous believes because of the _________ bias.
confirmation
The day after her team lost, Addie was analyzing the baseball game. She maintains that the manager obviously should have changed pitchers during the third game although she made no such comment during the game. This is an example of the ________ bias.
hindsight
the amount of variation within a group that is due to genetic factors is ____________.
heritability
when all intelligence test scores fall under a bell-shaped curve, it is called a _________________.
normal distribution
the purpose of Binet and Simons first text was to ___________________________.
identify students who needed special help
