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Bio 103 mini hybrid > Ch. 6-7 test > Flashcards

Ch. 6-7 test Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

compare the processes of cellular respiration and photosynthesis

A

the products of one are the reactants for the other

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2
Q

where does cellular respiration occur

A

the matrix of the mitochondria

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3
Q

where does photosynthesis occur

A

in the chloroplasts

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4
Q

how are breathing and cellular respiration related

A

they both supply oxygen and ATP

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5
Q

what’s the chemical equation for cellular respiration

A

glucose(C6 H12 O6) + oxygen (O2) = carbon dioxide (CO2) + water (H20) + ATP + heat

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6
Q

what’s the efficiency for cellular respiration

A

34%

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7
Q

how are redox reactions used in cellular respiration

A

someone needs to lose an electron for another to gain one

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8
Q

what does redox mean

A

to gain an electron

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9
Q

define oxidation

A

to lose an electron

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10
Q

define reduction

A

to gain an electron

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11
Q

describe the function of NAD+

A
  • an electron carrier
  • is a coenzyme
  • plays important role in glucose reduction
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12
Q

describe the function of FAD

A
  • an electron carrier
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13
Q

what do NAD+ and FAD become when they pick up electrons

A

NADH and FADH2

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14
Q

define aerobic

A

oxygen required

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15
Q

define anaerobic

A

oxygen not required

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16
Q

what are the 3 stages of cellular respiration

A
  • glycolysis
  • citric acid cycle (kreb’s cycle)
  • oxidative phosphorylation
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17
Q

Where does glycolysis occur

A

in the cytosol

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18
Q

what does glycolysis mean

A

glucose splitting

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19
Q

What is the energy yield of glycolysis

A

2

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20
Q

is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic

A

anaerobic (the only stage that is)

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21
Q

define decarboxyalated

A

loses a carbon

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22
Q

where is the citric acid cycle located

A

in the matrix of the mitochondria

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23
Q

what’s the energy yield of the citric acid cycle

A

2

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24
Q

is the citric acid cycle aerobic or anaerobic

A

anaerobic

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25
how many times can the citric acid cycle spin
2
26
what are the products of the citric acid cycle
6 CO2 6 NADH 2 FADH2 2 ATP
27
where does oxidative phosphorylation occur
the mitochondrial membrane (cristae)
28
what is the energy yield of oxidative phosphorylation
28
29
where are the most ATPs generated
oxidative phosphorylation
30
is oxidative phosphorylation aerobic or anaerobic
aerobic
31
define substrate-level phosphorylation
how ATPs are formed
32
what are the products of the citric acid cycle
acetyl CoA CO2 and NADH
33
describe oxidative phosphorylation
NADH and FADH2 give off their H to combine with )2 and form water
34
define chemiosmosis
the chemical process of making ATP by H+ going from an area of high concentration to low
35
how much ATP is produced from cellular respiration
32 for every glucose
36
describe fermentation
- a way of harvesting energy that doesn't require oxygen - yields 2 ATP
37
define lactic acid fermentation
- when the need for ATP is high and the blood can't transport oxygen fast enough - causes muscle soreness
38
define alcoholic fermentation
- used by yeast and makes C02 and ethanol - used in making alcohol
39
how are carbs, fats, and proteins used as fuel for cellular respiration
your body burns them to make ATP
40
in what order does your body burn calories
- carbs (sugars) - fats (glycerol fatty acids) - proteins (amino acids)
41
define cutide
waxy layer outside leaves, keeps water in
42
define epidermis
the skin of a leaf
43
define mesofill
- middle - palacade and spongey
44
define stomata
- mouth - bottom of the leaf
45
define vein
has a water tube + food tube
46
what is a stack of thylakoids called
grana/granum
47
define stroma
the jelly in chloroplasts
48
how many times does the calvin cycle turn
6
49
define photon
a wave length of light
50
define photosynthesis
using light to make food
51
define autotrophs
(producers) make their own food
52
define photoautotrophs
uses the energy of light to make food
53
define producers
self feeders
54
define heterotrophs
consumers that feed on plants or animals or decompose organic material
55
what are the benefits of photoautotrophs
- they feed us - they clothe us - they house us - provide energy for warmth, light, transport, and manufacturing
56
describe the structure of chloroplasts
- surrounded by a double membrane - stacks of thylakoids - thick jelly called stroma - has chlorophyll
57
Describe the role of redox reactions in photosynthesis
H2O is oxidized CO2 is reduced
58
Describe the role of redox reactions in cellular respiration
used to harvest the chemical energy stored in a glucose molecule
59
What are the 2 stages of photosynthesis
-light reaction (thylakoids) -calvin cycle/dark reaction (stroma)
60
describe chlorophyll a
absorbs blue-violet and red light
61
describe chlorophyll b
absorbs blue and orange light, gives absorbed energy to chlorophyll a
62
describe carotenoids
photoprotection from excessive light
63
what are the two parts of the photosystem
reaction-center complex light-harvesting complex
64
what is the function of the light-harvesting complex
light-gathering antenna
65
what is the function of the reaction-center complex
- has a pair of special chlorophyll a molecules - one can accept electrons and become reduced
66
what are the reactants and products of the light reaction
- light energy and water - ATP, NADPH, oxygen
67
define photophosphorylation
the electron transport train pumps H into the thylakoid space
68
list the steps of the calvin cycle
- carbon fixation - reduction - release of g3p - regeneration of RuBP
69
list the reactants and products of the calvin cycle
- CO2, NADPH, ATP - g3p
70
describe C3 plants
- normal plants - a drop in CO2 and rise in O2 when stomata close, making the calvin cycle go into photorespiration
71
describe C4 and CAM plants
- pineapples and cacti - fix CO2 into 4 carbon compounds that give CO2 to the calvin cycle even when stomata close
72
what are the uses of sugars made by photosynthesis
- used as fuels - starting material for proteins and lipids

Bio 103 mini hybrid (4 decks)

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